在Docker中运行PostgreSQL

注意:——如果你不喜欢sudo,可以查看非root用户使用

在Docker中安装PostgreSQL

如果Docker Hub中没有你需要的Docker镜像，你可以创建自己的镜像，开始先创建一个Dockerfile:

注意:这个PostgreSQL仅设置用途。请参阅PostgreSQL文档来调整这些设置,以便它是安全的。

  1. #
  2. # example Dockerfile for http://docs.docker.com/examples/postgresql_service/
  3. #
  5. FROM ubuntu
  6. MAINTAINER SvenDowideit@docker.com
  8. # Add the PostgreSQL PGP key to verify their Debian packages.
  9. # It should be the same key as https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc
  10. RUN apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys B97B0AFCAA1A47F044F244A07FCC7D46ACCC4CF8
  12. # Add PostgreSQL's repository. It contains the most recent stable release
  13. #     of PostgreSQL, ``9.3``.
  14. RUN echo "deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ precise-pgdg main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list
  16. # Update the Ubuntu and PostgreSQL repository indexes
  17. RUN apt-get update
  19. # Install ``python-software-properties``, ``software-properties-common`` and PostgreSQL 9.3
  20. #  There are some warnings (in red) that show up during the build. You can hide
  21. #  them by prefixing each apt-get statement with DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
  22. RUN apt-get -y -q install python-software-properties software-properties-common
  23. RUN apt-get -y -q install postgresql-9.3 postgresql-client-9.3 postgresql-contrib-9.3
  25. # Note: The official Debian and Ubuntu images automatically ``apt-get clean``
  26. # after each ``apt-get``
  28. # Run the rest of the commands as the ``postgres`` user created by the ``postgres-9.3`` package when it was ``apt-get installed``
  29. USER postgres
  31. # Create a PostgreSQL role named ``docker`` with ``docker`` as the password and
  32. # then create a database `docker` owned by the ``docker`` role.
  33. # Note: here we use ``&&\`` to run commands one after the other - the ``\``
  34. #       allows the RUN command to span multiple lines.
  35. RUN    /etc/init.d/postgresql start &&\
  36.     psql --command "CREATE USER docker WITH SUPERUSER PASSWORD 'docker';" &&\
  37.     createdb -O docker docker
  39. # Adjust PostgreSQL configuration so that remote connections to the
  40. # database are possible. 
  41. RUN echo "host all  all    0.0.0.0/0  md5" >> /etc/postgresql/9.3/main/pg_hba.conf
  43. # And add ``listen_addresses`` to ``/etc/postgresql/9.3/main/postgresql.conf``
  44. RUN echo "listen_addresses='*'" >> /etc/postgresql/9.3/main/postgresql.conf
  46. # Expose the PostgreSQL port
  47. EXPOSE 5432
  49. # Add VOLUMEs to allow backup of config, logs and databases
  50. VOLUME  ["/etc/postgresql", "/var/log/postgresql", "/var/lib/postgresql"]
  52. # Set the default command to run when starting the container
  53. CMD ["/usr/lib/postgresql/9.3/bin/postgres", "-D", "/var/lib/postgresql/9.3/main", "-c", "config_file=/etc/postgresql/9.3/main/postgresql.conf"]

使用Dockerfile构建镜像并且指定名称

  1. $ sudo docker build -t eg_postgresql .

并且运行PostgreSQL服务容器

  1. $ sudo docker run --rm -P --name pg_test eg_postgresql

有2种方法可以连接到PostgreSQL服务器。我们可以使用链接容器,或者我们可以从我们的主机(或网络)访问它。

注：--rm删除容器，当容器存在时成功。

使用容器连接

在客户端docker run中直接使用-link remote_name:local_alias使容器连接到另一个容器端口。

  1. $ sudo docker run --rm -t -i --link pg_test:pg eg_postgresql bash
  3. postgres@7ef98b1b7243:/$ psql -h $PG_PORT_5432_TCP_ADDR -p $PG_PORT_5432_TCP_PORT -d docker -U docker --password

连接到你的主机系统

假设你有安装postgresql客户端,您可以使用主机端口映射测试。您需要使用docker ps找出映射到本地主机端口:

  1. $ docker ps
  2. CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                  COMMAND                CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                      NAMES
  3. 5e24362f27f6        eg_postgresql:latest   /usr/lib/postgresql/   About an hour ago   Up About an hour    0.0.0.0:49153->5432/tcp                    pg_test
  4. $ psql -h localhost -p 49153 -d docker -U docker --password

测试数据

一旦你已经通过身份验证，并且有docker =#提示，您可以创建一个表并填充它。

  1. psql (9.3.1)
  2. Type "help" for help.
  4. $ docker=# CREATE TABLE cities (
  5. docker(#     name            varchar(80),
  6. docker(#     location        point
  7. docker(# );
  8. CREATE TABLE
  9. $ docker=# INSERT INTO cities VALUES ('San Francisco', '(-194.0, 53.0)');
  10. INSERT 0 1
  11. $ docker=# select * from cities;
  12.      name      | location
  13. ---------------+-----------
  14.  San Francisco | (-194,53)
  15. (1 row)

使用容器卷

您可以使用PostgreSQL卷检查定义日志文件、备份配置和数据:

  1. $ docker run --rm --volumes-from pg_test -t -i busybox sh
  3. / # ls
  4. bin      etc      lib      linuxrc  mnt      proc     run      sys      usr
  5. dev      home     lib64    media    opt      root     sbin     tmp      var
  6. / # ls /etc/postgresql/9.3/main/
  7. environment      pg_hba.conf      postgresql.conf
  8. pg_ctl.conf      pg_ident.conf    start.conf
  9. /tmp # ls /var/log
  10. ldconfig    postgresql