前提

减少安装包大小的2个准则：

  1. 减少镜像层数，层数越多构建时间也会越长
    1. COPY、ADD和RUN语句都会在镜像中新建一层，层数越多则 image 文件将越大，所以需要尽量减少这三个操作指令
  2. 基础镜像内不要包含和应用无关的文件，尽量减少单个镜像大小

先下结论

镜像层数从原来的12，优化到了4层。

镜像大小层原来的 189M，优化到了 102 MB

版本一

  1. FROM node:12.18.0-alpine3.10
  2. LABEL MAINTAINER="davis@diancun.net"
  4. # 设置时区
  5. RUN rm -rf /etc/localtime && ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
  7. RUN npm config set registry https://registry.npm.taobao.org
  9. RUN mkdir -p /opt/bin/byteark-gateway \
  10.   && mkdir -p /data/byteark-gateway/logs
  12. # 设置环境变量
  13. ENV NODE_ENV=production \
  14.   ENABLE_NODE_LOG=YES
  16. WORKDIR /opt/bin/byteark-gateway
  18. # install dependencies
  19. COPY package.json .
  20. COPY package-lock.json .
  21. RUN npm install
  23. # 清除npm缓存文件
  24. # TODO: 为什么要清缓存？
  25. # RUN npm cache clean --force && npm cache verify
  26. COPY . .
  27. EXPOSE 7001
  28. CMD [ "npm", "start" ]
  1. docker build -t byteark .
  3. docker history byteark
  4. IMAGE               CREATED             CREATED BY                                      SIZE                COMMENT
  5. 5283ca362af6        8 minutes ago       /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["npm" "start"]          0B                  
  6. 3ecd78fd410b        8 minutes ago       /bin/sh -c #(nop)  EXPOSE 7001                  0B                  
  7. b33b0e4ac085        8 minutes ago       /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY dir:5d92d7ad373baf10a…   2.09MB              
  8. cd81d2c8b573        8 minutes ago       /bin/sh -c npm install                          97MB                
  9. 52ac42ac9feb        8 minutes ago       /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:cb9104041f336f56…   546kB               
  10. b48e2a832b66        8 minutes ago       /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:d0773186f6341f65…   1.8kB               
  11. b86df8c5ab16        8 minutes ago       /bin/sh -c #(nop) WORKDIR /opt/bin/byteark-g…   0B                  
  12. 82f8901df0fa        8 minutes ago       /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV NODE_ENV=production E…   0B                  
  13. ea12f4631665        8 minutes ago       /bin/sh -c mkdir -p /opt/bin/byteark-gateway…   0B                  
  14. dc891d3264ae        8 minutes ago       /bin/sh -c npm config set registry https://r…   96B                 
  15. fb0e6d9b2d8a        8 minutes ago       /bin/sh -c rm -rf /etc/localtime && ln -s /u…   33B                 
  16. 6327e2bcd7ae        8 minutes ago       /bin/sh -c #(nop)  LABEL MAINTAINER=davis@di…   0B                  
  17. c8fe5b06428c        7 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["node"]                 0B                  
  18. <missing>           7 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENTRYPOINT ["docker-entry…   0B                  
  19. <missing>           7 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:238737301d473041…   116B                
  20. <missing>           7 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c apk add --no-cache --virtual .bui…   7.62MB              
  21. <missing>           7 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV YARN_VERSION=1.22.4      0B                  
  22. <missing>           7 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c addgroup -g 1000 node     && addu…   75.9MB              
  23. <missing>           7 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV NODE_VERSION=12.18.0     0B                  
  24. <missing>           3 months ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/sh"]              0B                  
  25. <missing>           3 months ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:66a440394c2442570…   5.58MB
  27. docker images | grep byteark
  28. byteark                                         latest               5283ca362af6        7 minutes ago       189MB

在基础镜像上构建了 12 层，包的大小为 189MB

版本二

修改内容：减少 RUN 和 COPY 次数

  1. FROM node:12.18.0-alpine3.10
  2. LABEL MAINTAINER="davis@diancun.net"
  4. RUN rm -rf /etc/localtime \
  5.     && ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime \
  6.     && mkdir -p /opt/bin/byteark-gateway /data/byteark-gateway/logs \
  7.     && npm config set registry https://registry.npm.taobao.org
  9. WORKDIR /opt/bin/byteark-gateway
  11. COPY . .
  13. RUN npm ci --production
  15. ENV NODE_ENV=production \
  16.   ENABLE_NODE_LOG=YES
  18. EXPOSE 7001
  19. CMD [ "npm", "start" ]
  1. docker build -t byteark_01 .
  3. docker history byteark_01
  4. af40b5f867bb        37 seconds ago      /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["npm" "start"]          0B                  
  5. 8caf12e9fb16        37 seconds ago      /bin/sh -c #(nop)  EXPOSE 7001                  0B                  
  6. b4a1ad488a24        37 seconds ago      /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV NODE_ENV=production E…   0B                  
  7. 5a4b6e94cacd        39 seconds ago      /bin/sh -c npm ci --production                  96.3MB              
  8. c774b1ee3c60        53 seconds ago      /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY dir:ac52b17cc6eeff9fb…   2.09MB              
  9. a69423b07f99        53 seconds ago      /bin/sh -c #(nop) WORKDIR /opt/bin/byteark-g…   0B                  
  10. c99a852da585        53 seconds ago      /bin/sh -c rm -rf /etc/localtime     && ln -…   129B                
  11. 6327e2bcd7ae        15 minutes ago      /bin/sh -c #(nop)  LABEL MAINTAINER=davis@di…   0B                  
  12. c8fe5b06428c        7 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["node"]                 0B                  
  13. <missing>           7 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENTRYPOINT ["docker-entry…   0B                  
  14. <missing>           7 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:238737301d473041…   116B                
  15. <missing>           7 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c apk add --no-cache --virtual .bui…   7.62MB              
  16. <missing>           7 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV YARN_VERSION=1.22.4      0B                  
  17. <missing>           7 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c addgroup -g 1000 node     && addu…   75.9MB              
  18. <missing>           7 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV NODE_VERSION=12.18.0     0B                  
  19. <missing>           3 months ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/sh"]              0B                  
  20. <missing>           3 months ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:66a440394c2442570…   5.58MB 
  22. docker images | grep byteark_01
  23. byteark_01                                      latest               af40b5f867bb        About a minute ago   188MB

在基础镜像上构建了 8层，包的大小为 188MB

版本三

修改内容：减少基础镜像大小

  1. FROM node:12.18.0-alpine as build
  2. LABEL MAINTAINER="davis@diancun.net"
  4. RUN rm -rf /etc/localtime \
  5.     && ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime \
  6.     && mkdir -p /opt/bin/byteark-gateway /data/byteark-gateway/logs \
  7.     && npm config set registry https://registry.npm.taobao.org
  9. WORKDIR /opt/bin/byteark-gateway
  11. COPY . .
  13. RUN npm ci --production
  15. FROM node:12.18.0-alpine
  16. COPY --from=build /opt/bin/byteark-gateway /
  18. ENV NODE_ENV=production \
  19.   ENABLE_NODE_LOG=YES
  21. EXPOSE 7001
  22. CMD [ "npm", "start" ]
  1. docker build -t byteark_02
  3. docker history byteark_02
  4. IMAGE               CREATED              CREATED BY                                      SIZE                COMMENT
  5. 2c56beffd99f        57 seconds ago       /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["npm" "start"]          0B                  
  6. 29fb1f985600        57 seconds ago       /bin/sh -c #(nop)  EXPOSE 7001                  0B                  
  7. 11b8de95c958        58 seconds ago       /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV NODE_ENV=production E…   0B                  
  8. 59ed505e78cf        About a minute ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY dir:e9b44ee6cc66f3d42…   69.5MB              
  9. 1c342643aa5c        7 weeks ago          /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["node"]                 0B                  
  10. <missing>           7 weeks ago          /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENTRYPOINT ["docker-entry…   0B                  
  11. <missing>           7 weeks ago          /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:238737301d473041…   116B                
  12. <missing>           7 weeks ago          /bin/sh -c apk add --no-cache --virtual .bui…   7.62MB              
  13. <missing>           7 weeks ago          /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV YARN_VERSION=1.22.4      0B                  
  14. <missing>           7 weeks ago          /bin/sh -c addgroup -g 1000 node     && addu…   76.2MB              
  15. <missing>           7 weeks ago          /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV NODE_VERSION=12.18.0     0B                  
  16. <missing>           3 months ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/sh"]              0B                  
  17. <missing>           3 months ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:b91adb67b670d3a6f…   5.61MB
  19. docker images | grep byteark_02
  20. byteark_02                                      latest               2c56beffd99f        16 seconds ago      159MB

在基础镜像上构建了 4层，包的大小为 159 MB

版本四

修改内容：使用空镜像，所有依赖手动安装

  1. FROM alpine:3.10
  2. LABEL MAINTAINER="davis@diancun.net"
  4. WORKDIR /app
  6. COPY . .
  8. RUN rm -rf /etc/localtime && \
  9. ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
  11. RUN apk add nodejs npm 
  13. RUN npm config set registry https://registry.npm.taobao.org && \
  14. npm ci --production
  16. FROM alpine:3.10
  18. COPY --from=0 /app /app
  20. RUN apk add --no-cache nodejs
  22. ENV NODE_ENV=production ENABLE_NODE_LOG=YES
  24. EXPOSE 7001
  25. CMD [ "npm", "start" ]
  1. docker history byteark_03
  2. IMAGE               CREATED             CREATED BY                                      SIZE                COMMENT
  3. 43cb7a0abdca        4 minutes ago       /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["npm" "start"]          0B                  
  4. 5f53d382e93d        4 minutes ago       /bin/sh -c #(nop)  EXPOSE 7001                  0B                  
  5. ad7d17d7e5df        4 minutes ago       /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV NODE_ENV=production E…   0B                  
  6. f75ed41ebd75        4 minutes ago       /bin/sh -c apk add --no-cache nodejs            27.3MB              
  7. 48bd277254e7        15 minutes ago      /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY dir:daa19cfcd84ee8f85…   69.5MB              
  8. be4e4bea2c2e        3 months ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/sh"]              0B                  
  9. <missing>           3 months ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:66a440394c2442570…   5.58MB
  11. docker images | grep byteark_03
  12. byteark_03                                      latest               43cb7a0abdca        5 minutes ago       102MB

在基础镜像上构建了 4层，包的大小为 102 MB