RESTFUL API - 《ElasticSearch笔记》

HTTP-索引-创建
- 1. 创建索引
HTTP-索引-查询 & 删除
HTTP-文档-创建（Put & Post）
HTTP-查询-主键查询 & 全查询
HTTP-全量修改 & 局部修改 & 删除
HTTP-条件查询 & 分页查询 & 查询排序
HTTP-多条件查询 & 范围查询
- 1. 多条件查询
- 2.范围查询
HTTP-全文检索 & 完全匹配 & 高亮查询
HTTP-聚合查询
HTTP-映射关系

HTTP-索引-创建

1. 创建索引

对比关系型数据库，创建索引就等同于创建数据库。

在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 PUT 请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping

请求后，服务器返回响应：

{
    "acknowledged": true,//响应结果
    "shards_acknowledged": true,//分片结果
    "index": "shopping"//索引名称
}

后台日志：

[2021-04-08T13:57:06,954][INFO ][o.e.c.m.MetadataCreateIndexService] [DESKTOP-LNJQ0VF] [shopping] creating index, cause [api], templates [], shards [1]/[1], mappings []

如果重复发 PUT 请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping 添加索引，会返回错误信息 :

{
    "error": {
        "root_cause": [
            {
                "type": "resource_already_exists_exception",
                "reason": "index [shopping/J0WlEhh4R7aDrfIc3AkwWQ] already exists",
                "index_uuid": "J0WlEhh4R7aDrfIc3AkwWQ",
                "index": "shopping"
            }
        ],
        "type": "resource_already_exists_exception",
        "reason": "index [shopping/J0WlEhh4R7aDrfIc3AkwWQ] already exists",
        "index_uuid": "J0WlEhh4R7aDrfIc3AkwWQ",
        "index": "shopping"
    },
    "status": 400
}

HTTP-索引-查询 & 删除

1. 查看所有索引

在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET 请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/_cat/indices?v
这里请求路径中的_cat 表示查看的意思， indices 表示索引，所以整体含义就是查看当前 ES服务器中的所有索引，就好像 MySQL 中的 show tables 的感觉，服务器响应结果如下 :

health status index    uuid                   pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size
yellow open   shopping J0WlEhh4R7aDrfIc3AkwWQ   1   1          0            0       208b           208b

表头	含义
health	当前服务器健康状态： green(集群完整) yellow(单点正常、集群不完整) red(单点不正常)
status	索引打开、关闭状态
index	索引名
uuid	索引统一编号
pri	主分片数量
rep	副本数量
docs.count	可用文档数量
docs.deleted	文档删除状态（逻辑删除）
store.size	主分片和副分片整体占空间大小
pri.store.size	主分片占空间大小

2. 查看单个索引

在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET 请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping
返回结果如下：

{
    "shopping": {//索引名
        "aliases": {},//别名
        "mappings": {},//映射
        "settings": {//设置
            "index": {//设置 - 索引
                "creation_date": "1617861426847",//设置 - 索引 - 创建时间
                "number_of_shards": "1",//设置 - 索引 - 主分片数量
                "number_of_replicas": "1",//设置 - 索引 - 主分片数量
                "uuid": "J0WlEhh4R7aDrfIc3AkwWQ",//设置 - 索引 - 主分片数量
                "version": {//设置 - 索引 - 主分片数量
                    "created": "7080099"
                },
                "provided_name": "shopping"//设置 - 索引 - 主分片数量
            }
        }
    }
}

3. 删除索引

在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 DELETE 请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping
返回结果如下：

{
    "acknowledged": true
}

再次查看所有索引，GET http://127.0.0.1:9200/_cat/indices?v，返回结果如下：

health status index uuid pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size

HTTP-文档-创建（Put & Post）

假设索引已经创建好了，接下来我们来创建文档，并添加数据。这里的文档可以类比为关系型数据库中的表数据，添加的数据格式为 JSON 格式

在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 POST 请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_doc，请求体JSON内容为：

{
    "title":"小米手机",
    "category":"小米",
    "images":"http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
    "price":3999.00
}

注意，此处发送请求的方式必须为 POST，不能是 PUT，否则会发生错误。

返回结果：

{
    "_index": "shopping",//索引
    "_type": "_doc",//类型-文档
    "_id": "ANQqsHgBaKNfVnMbhZYU",//唯一标识，可以类比为 MySQL 中的主键，随机生成
    "_version": 1,//版本
    "result": "created",//结果，这里的 create 表示创建成功
    "_shards": {//
        "total": 2,//分片 - 总数
        "successful": 1,//分片 - 总数
        "failed": 0//分片 - 总数
    },
    "_seq_no": 0,
    "_primary_term": 1
}

上面的数据创建后，由于没有指定数据唯一性标识（ID），默认情况下， ES 服务器会随机生成一个。

如果想要自定义唯一性标识，需要在创建时指定： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_doc/1，请求体JSON内容为：

{
    "title":"小米手机",
    "category":"小米",
    "images":"http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
    "price":3999.00
}

返回结果如下：

{
    "_index": "shopping",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1",//<------------------自定义唯一性标识
    "_version": 1,
    "result": "created",
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2,
        "successful": 1,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "_seq_no": 1,
    "_primary_term": 1
}

此处需要注意：如果增加数据时明确数据主键，那么请求方式也可以为 PUT。

HTTP-查询-主键查询 & 全查询

查看文档时，需要指明文档的唯一性标识，类似于 MySQL 中数据的主键查询

在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET 请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_doc/1 。

返回结果如下：

{
    "_index": "shopping",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1",
    "_version": 1,
    "_seq_no": 1,
    "_primary_term": 1,
    "found": true,
    "_source": {
        "title": "小米手机",
        "category": "小米",
        "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
        "price": 3999
    }
}

查找不存在的内容，向 ES 服务器发 GET 请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_doc/1001。

返回结果如下：

{
    "_index": "shopping",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1001",
    "found": false
}

查看索引下所有数据，向 ES 服务器发 GET 请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search。

返回结果如下：

{
    "took": 133,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 2,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "ANQqsHgBaKNfVnMbhZYU",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "1",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

HTTP-全量修改 & 局部修改 & 删除

1. 全量修改

和新增文档一样，输入相同的 URL 地址请求，如果请求体变化，会将原有的数据内容覆盖

在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 POST 请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_doc/1

请求体JSON内容为:

{
    "title":"华为手机",
    "category":"华为",
    "images":"http://www.gulixueyuan.com/hw.jpg",
    "price":1999.00
}

修改成功后，服务器响应结果：

{
    "_index": "shopping",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1",
    "_version": 2,
    "result": "updated",//<-----------updated 表示数据被更新
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2,
        "successful": 1,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "_seq_no": 2,
    "_primary_term": 1
}

2. 局部修改

修改数据时，也可以只修改某一给条数据的局部信息

在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 POST 请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_update/1。

请求体JSON内容为:

{
    "doc": {
  "title":"小米手机",
  "category":"小米"
    }
}

返回结果如下：

{
    "_index": "shopping",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1",
    "_version": 3,
    "result": "updated",//<-----------updated 表示数据被更新
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2,
        "successful": 1,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "_seq_no": 3,
    "_primary_term": 1
}

/
在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_doc/1，查看修改内容：

{
    "_index": "shopping",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1",
    "_version": 3,
    "_seq_no": 3,
    "_primary_term": 1,
    "found": true,
    "_source": {
        "title": "小米手机",
        "category": "小米",
        "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/hw.jpg",
        "price": 1999
    }
}

3. 删除

删除一个文档不会立即从磁盘上移除，它只是被标记成已删除（逻辑删除）。

在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 DELETE 请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_doc/1

返回结果：

{
    "_index": "shopping",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1",
    "_version": 4,
    "result": "deleted",//<---删除成功
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2,
        "successful": 1,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "_seq_no": 4,
    "_primary_term": 1
}

在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_doc/1，查看是否删除成功：

{
    "_index": "shopping",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1",
    "found": false
}

HTTP-条件查询 & 分页查询 & 查询排序

1. 条件查询

假设有以下文档内容，（在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search）：

{
    "took": 5,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 6,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "ANQqsHgBaKNfVnMbhZYU",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "A9R5sHgBaKNfVnMb25Ya",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "BNR5sHgBaKNfVnMb7pal",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "BtR6sHgBaKNfVnMbX5Y5",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "B9R6sHgBaKNfVnMbZpZ6",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "CdR7sHgBaKNfVnMbsJb9",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

2. URL带参查询

查找category为小米的文档，在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search?q=category:小米，返回结果如下：

{
    "took": 94,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 3,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1.3862942,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "ANQqsHgBaKNfVnMbhZYU",
                "_score": 1.3862942,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "A9R5sHgBaKNfVnMb25Ya",
                "_score": 1.3862942,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "BNR5sHgBaKNfVnMb7pal",
                "_score": 1.3862942,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

上述为URL带参数形式查询，这很容易让不善者心怀恶意，或者参数值出现中文会出现乱码情况。为了避免这些情况，我们可用使用带JSON请求体请求进行查询。

3. 请求体带参查询

接下带JSON请求体，还是查找category为小米的文档，在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search，附带JSON体如下：

{
    "query":{
  "match":{
      "category":"小米"
  }
    }
}

返回结果如下：

{
    "took": 3,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 3,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1.3862942,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "ANQqsHgBaKNfVnMbhZYU",
                "_score": 1.3862942,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "A9R5sHgBaKNfVnMb25Ya",
                "_score": 1.3862942,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "BNR5sHgBaKNfVnMb7pal",
                "_score": 1.3862942,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

带请求体方式的查找所有内容

查找所有文档内容，也可以这样，在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search，附带JSON体如下：

{
    "query":{
  "match_all":{}
    }
}

则返回所有文档内容：

{
    "took": 2,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 6,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "ANQqsHgBaKNfVnMbhZYU",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "A9R5sHgBaKNfVnMb25Ya",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "BNR5sHgBaKNfVnMb7pal",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "BtR6sHgBaKNfVnMbX5Y5",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "B9R6sHgBaKNfVnMbZpZ6",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "CdR7sHgBaKNfVnMbsJb9",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

4. 查询指定字段

如果你想查询指定字段，在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search，附带JSON体如下：

{
    "query":{
  "match_all":{}
    },
    "_source":["title"]
}

返回结果如下：

{
    "took": 5,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 6,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "ANQqsHgBaKNfVnMbhZYU",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "A9R5sHgBaKNfVnMb25Ya",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "BNR5sHgBaKNfVnMb7pal",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "BtR6sHgBaKNfVnMbX5Y5",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "B9R6sHgBaKNfVnMbZpZ6",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "CdR7sHgBaKNfVnMbsJb9",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

5. 分页查询

在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search，附带JSON体如下：

{
    "query":{
  "match_all":{}
    },
    "from":0,
    "size":2
}

返回结果如下：

{
    "took": 1,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 6,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "ANQqsHgBaKNfVnMbhZYU",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "A9R5sHgBaKNfVnMb25Ya",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

6. 查询排序

如果你想通过排序查出价格最高的手机，在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search，附带JSON体如下：

{
    "query":{
        "match_all":{}
    },
    "sort":{
        "price":{
            "order":"desc"
        }
    }
}

返回结果如下：

{
    "took": 96,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 6,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": null,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "ANQqsHgBaKNfVnMbhZYU",
                "_score": null,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999
                },
                "sort": [
                    3999
                ]
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "A9R5sHgBaKNfVnMb25Ya",
                "_score": null,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999
                },
                "sort": [
                    1999
                ]
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "BNR5sHgBaKNfVnMb7pal",
                "_score": null,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999
                },
                "sort": [
                    1999
                ]
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "BtR6sHgBaKNfVnMbX5Y5",
                "_score": null,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999
                },
                "sort": [
                    1999
                ]
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "B9R6sHgBaKNfVnMbZpZ6",
                "_score": null,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999
                },
                "sort": [
                    1999
                ]
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "CdR7sHgBaKNfVnMbsJb9",
                "_score": null,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999
                },
                "sort": [
                    1999
                ]
            }
        ]
    }
}

HTTP-多条件查询 & 范围查询

1. 多条件查询

假设想找出小米牌子，价格为3999元的。（must相当于数据库的&&）
在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search，附带JSON体如下：

{
    "query":{
        "bool":{
            "must":[{
                "match":{
                    "category":"小米"
                }
            },{
                "match":{
                    "price":3999.00
                }
            }]
        }
    }
}

返回结果如下：

{
    "took": 134,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 1,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 2.3862944,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "ANQqsHgBaKNfVnMbhZYU",
                "_score": 2.3862944,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

假设想找出小米和华为的牌子。（should相当于数据库的||）
在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search，附带JSON体如下：

{
    "query":{
        "bool":{
            "should":[{
                "match":{
                    "category":"小米"
                }
            },{
                "match":{
                    "category":"华为"
                }
            }]
        },
        "filter":{
            "range":{
                "price":{
                    "gt":2000
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

返回结果如下：

{
    "took": 8,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 6,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1.3862942,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "ANQqsHgBaKNfVnMbhZYU",
                "_score": 1.3862942,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "A9R5sHgBaKNfVnMb25Ya",
                "_score": 1.3862942,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "BNR5sHgBaKNfVnMb7pal",
                "_score": 1.3862942,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "BtR6sHgBaKNfVnMbX5Y5",
                "_score": 1.3862942,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "B9R6sHgBaKNfVnMbZpZ6",
                "_score": 1.3862942,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "CdR7sHgBaKNfVnMbsJb9",
                "_score": 1.3862942,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

2.范围查询

假设想找出小米和华为的牌子，价格大于2000元的手机。
在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search，附带JSON体如下：

{
    "query":{
        "bool":{
            "should":[{
                "match":{
                    "category":"小米"
                }
            },{
                "match":{
                    "category":"华为"
                }
            }],
            "filter":{
                "range":{
                    "price":{
                        "gt":2000
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

返回结果如下：

{
    "took": 72,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 1,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1.3862942,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "ANQqsHgBaKNfVnMbhZYU",
                "_score": 1.3862942,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

HTTP-全文检索 & 完全匹配 & 高亮查询

1. 全文检索

这功能像搜索引擎那样，如品牌输入“小华”，返回结果带回品牌有“小米”和华为的。
在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search，附带JSON体如下：

{
    "query":{
        "match":{
            "category" : "小华"
        }
    }
}

返回结果：

{
    "took": 7,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 6,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 0.6931471,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "ANQqsHgBaKNfVnMbhZYU",
                "_score": 0.6931471,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "A9R5sHgBaKNfVnMb25Ya",
                "_score": 0.6931471,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "BNR5sHgBaKNfVnMb7pal",
                "_score": 0.6931471,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "BtR6sHgBaKNfVnMbX5Y5",
                "_score": 0.6931471,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "B9R6sHgBaKNfVnMbZpZ6",
                "_score": 0.6931471,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "CdR7sHgBaKNfVnMbsJb9",
                "_score": 0.6931471,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

2. 完全匹配

在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search，附带JSON体如下：

{
    "query":{
  "match_phrase":{
      "category" : "为"
  }
    }
}

返回结果如下：

{
    "took": 2,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 3,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 0.6931471,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "BtR6sHgBaKNfVnMbX5Y5",
                "_score": 0.6931471,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "B9R6sHgBaKNfVnMbZpZ6",
                "_score": 0.6931471,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "CdR7sHgBaKNfVnMbsJb9",
                "_score": 0.6931471,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

3. 高亮查询

在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search，附带JSON体如下：

{
    "query":{
  "match_phrase":{
      "category" : "为"
  }
    },
    "highlight":{
        "fields":{
            "category":{}//<----高亮这字段
        }
    }
}

返回结果如下：

{
    "took": 100,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 3,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 0.6931471,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "BtR6sHgBaKNfVnMbX5Y5",
                "_score": 0.6931471,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999
                },
                "highlight": {
                    "category": [
                        "华<em>为</em>"//<------高亮一个为字。
                    ]
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "B9R6sHgBaKNfVnMbZpZ6",
                "_score": 0.6931471,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999
                },
                "highlight": {
                    "category": [
                        "华<em>为</em>"
                    ]
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "CdR7sHgBaKNfVnMbsJb9",
                "_score": 0.6931471,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999
                },
                "highlight": {
                    "category": [
                        "华<em>为</em>"
                    ]
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

HTTP-聚合查询

聚合允许使用者对 es 文档进行统计分析，类似与关系型数据库中的 group by，当然还有很多其他的聚合，例如取最大值max、平均值avg等等。

接下来按price字段进行分组：

在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search，附带JSON体如下：

{
    "aggs":{//聚合操作
  "price_group":{//名称，随意起名
      "terms":{//分组
    "field":"price"//分组字段
      }
  }
    }
}

返回结果如下：

{
    "took": 63,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 6,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "ANQqsHgBaKNfVnMbhZYU",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "A9R5sHgBaKNfVnMb25Ya",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "BNR5sHgBaKNfVnMb7pal",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "BtR6sHgBaKNfVnMbX5Y5",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "B9R6sHgBaKNfVnMbZpZ6",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "CdR7sHgBaKNfVnMbsJb9",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999
                }
            }
        ]
    },
    "aggregations": {
        "price_group": {
            "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
            "sum_other_doc_count": 0,
            "buckets": [
                {
                    "key": 1999,
                    "doc_count": 5
                },
                {
                    "key": 3999,
                    "doc_count": 1
                }
            ]
        }
    }
}

上面返回结果会附带原始数据的。若不想要不附带原始数据的结果，在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search，附带JSON体如下：

{
    "aggs":{
  "price_group":{
      "terms":{
    "field":"price"
      }
  }
    },
    "size":0
}

返回结果如下：
/

{
    "took": 60,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 6,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": null,
        "hits": []
    },
    "aggregations": {
        "price_group": {
            "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
            "sum_other_doc_count": 0,
            "buckets": [
                {
                    "key": 1999,
                    "doc_count": 5
                },
                {
                    "key": 3999,
                    "doc_count": 1
                }
            ]
        }
    }
}

若想对所有手机价格求平均值。

在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search，附带JSON体如下：

{
    "aggs":{
  "price_avg":{//名称，随意起名
      "avg":{//求平均
    "field":"price"
      }
  }
    },
    "size":0
}

/
返回结果如下：

{
    "took": 14,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 6,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": null,
        "hits": []
    },
    "aggregations": {
        "price_avg": {
            "value": 2332.3333333333335
        }
    }
}

HTTP-映射关系

有了索引库，等于有了数据库中的 database。

接下来就需要建索引库(index)中的映射了，类似于数据库(database)中的表结构(table)。

创建数据库表需要设置字段名称，类型，长度，约束等；索引库也一样，需要知道这个类型下有哪些字段，每个字段有哪些约束信息，这就叫做映射(mapping)。

先创建一个索引：

PUT http://127.0.0.1:9200/user

返回结果：

{
    "acknowledged": true,
    "shards_acknowledged": true,
    "index": "user"
}

1. 创建映射

PUT http://127.0.0.1:9200/user/_mapping

{
    "properties": {
        "name":{
            "type": "text",
            "index": true
        },
        "sex":{
            "type": "keyword",
            "index": true
        },
        "tel":{
            "type": "keyword",
            "index": false
        }
    }
}

返回结果如下：

{
    "acknowledged": true
}

2. 查询映射

GET http://127.0.0.1:9200/user/_mapping

返回结果如下：

{
    "user": {
        "mappings": {
            "properties": {
                "name": {
                    "type": "text"
                },
                "sex": {
                    "type": "keyword"
                },
                "tel": {
                    "type": "keyword",
                    "index": false
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

3. 增加数据

PUT http://127.0.0.1:9200/user/_create/1001
//

{
    "name":"小米",
    "sex":"男的",
    "tel":"1111"
}

返回结果如下：

{
    "_index": "user",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1001",
    "_version": 1,
    "result": "created",
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2,
        "successful": 1,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "_seq_no": 0,
    "_primary_term": 1
}

4. 查找name含有”小“数据：

GET http://127.0.0.1:9200/user/_search

{
    "query":{
  "match":{
      "name":"小"
  }
    }
}

返回结果如下：

{
    "took": 495,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 1,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 0.2876821,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "user",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "1001",
                "_score": 0.2876821,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "小米",
                    "sex": "男的",
                    "tel": "1111"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

5. 查找sex含有”男“数据：

GET http://127.0.0.1:9200/user/_search
//

{
    "query":{
  "match":{
      "sex":"男"
  }
    }
}

返回结果如下：

{
    "took": 1,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 0,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": null,
        "hits": []
    }
}

得到不想要的结果，只因创建映射时”sex”的类型为”keyword”。

“sex”只能完全为”男的“，才能得出原数据。

GET http://127.0.0.1:9200/user/_search

{
    "query":{
  "match":{
      "sex":"男的"
  }
    }
}

返回结果如下：

{
    "took": 2,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 1,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 0.2876821,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "user",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "1001",
                "_score": 0.2876821,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "小米",
                    "sex": "男的",
                    "tel": "1111"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

6. 查询电话

GET http://127.0.0.1:9200/user/_search

{
    "query":{
  "match":{
      "tel":"11"
  }
    }
}

返回结果如下：

{
    "error": {
        "root_cause": [
            {
                "type": "query_shard_exception",
                "reason": "failed to create query: Cannot search on field [tel] since it is not indexed.",
                "index_uuid": "ivLnMfQKROS7Skb2MTFOew",
                "index": "user"
            }
        ],
        "type": "search_phase_execution_exception",
        "reason": "all shards failed",
        "phase": "query",
        "grouped": true,
        "failed_shards": [
            {
                "shard": 0,
                "index": "user",
                "node": "4P7dIRfXSbezE5JTiuylew",
                "reason": {
                    "type": "query_shard_exception",
                    "reason": "failed to create query: Cannot search on field [tel] since it is not indexed.",
                    "index_uuid": "ivLnMfQKROS7Skb2MTFOew",
                    "index": "user",
                    "caused_by": {
                        "type": "illegal_argument_exception",
                        "reason": "Cannot search on field [tel] since it is not indexed."
                    }
                }
            }
        ]
    },
    "status": 400
}

报错只因创建映射时”tel”的”index”为false，不允许索引。