基于 Windows10 的 Linux 开发环境配置 - 《Linux学习专栏》

配置本机 Linux 环境
配置 Ubuntu 环境

配置本机 Linux 环境

在 windows store 中安装 WSL 以及 ubuntu kernel
WSL 配置
WSL 的默认设置

注意”defaultProfile”以及后面的 terminal 类型数据和机器相关,不能直接覆盖

// This file was initially generated by Windows Terminal 1.4.3243.0
// It should still be usable in newer versions, but newer versions might have additional
// settings, help text, or changes that you will not see unless you clear this file
// and let us generate a new one for you.
// To view the default settings, hold "alt" while clicking on the "Settings" button.
// For documentation on these settings, see: https://aka.ms/terminal-documentation
{
    "$schema": "https://aka.ms/terminal-profiles-schema",
    "defaultProfile": "{07b52e3e-de2c-5db4-bd2d-ba144ed6c273}",
    "launchMode":"maximized",
    // You can add more global application settings here.
    // To learn more about global settings, visit https://aka.ms/terminal-global-settings
    // If enabled, selections are automatically copied to your clipboard.
    "copyOnSelect": false,
    // If enabled, formatted data is also copied to your clipboard
    "copyFormatting": false,
    // A profile specifies a command to execute paired with information about how it should look and feel.
    // Each one of them will appear in the 'New Tab' dropdown,
    //   and can be invoked from the commandline with `wt.exe -p xxx`
    // To learn more about profiles, visit https://aka.ms/terminal-profile-settings
    "profiles":
    {
        "defaults":
        {
            // Put settings here that you want to apply to all profiles.
            "acrylicOpacity":0.7, //背景透明
            "useAcrylic":true, //启用毛玻璃
            "fontSize":20,
            "colorScheme": "Campbell" //配色方案
        },
        "list":
        [
            {
                // Make changes here to the powershell.exe profile.
                "guid": "{61c54bbd-c2c6-5271-96e7-009a87ff44bf}",
                "name": "Windows PowerShell",
                "commandline": "powershell.exe",
                "hidden": false
            },
            {
                // Make changes here to the cmd.exe profile.
                "guid": "{0caa0dad-35be-5f56-a8ff-afceeeaa6101}",
                "name": "Command Prompt",
                "commandline": "cmd.exe",
                "hidden": false
            },
            {
                "guid": "{b453ae62-4e3d-5e58-b989-0a998ec441b8}",
                "hidden": false,
                "name": "Azure Cloud Shell",
                "source": "Windows.Terminal.Azure"
            },
            {
                "guid": "{07b52e3e-de2c-5db4-bd2d-ba144ed6c273}",
                "hidden": false,
                "name": "Ubuntu-20.04",
                "source": "Windows.Terminal.Wsl"
            }
        ]
    },
    // Add custom color schemes to this array.
    // To learn more about color schemes, visit https://aka.ms/terminal-color-schemes
    "schemes": [
        {
            "name" : "Campbell",
            "cursorColor": "#FFFFFF",
            "selectionBackground": "#FFFFFF",
            "background" : "#0C0C0C",
            "foreground" : "#CCCCCC",
            "black" : "#0C0C0C",
            "blue" : "#0037DA",
            "cyan" : "#3A96DD",
            "green" : "#13A10E",
            "purple" : "#881798",
            "red" : "#C50F1F",
            "white" : "#CCCCCC",
            "yellow" : "#C19C00",
            "brightBlack" : "#767676",
            "brightBlue" : "#3B78FF",
            "brightCyan" : "#61D6D6",
            "brightGreen" : "#16C60C",
            "brightPurple" : "#B4009E",
            "brightRed" : "#E74856",
            "brightWhite" : "#F2F2F2",
            "brightYellow" : "#F9F1A5"
        }
    ],
    // Add custom actions and keybindings to this array.
    // To unbind a key combination from your defaults.json, set the command to "unbound".
    // To learn more about actions and keybindings, visit https://aka.ms/terminal-keybindings
    "actions":
    [
        // Copy and paste are bound to Ctrl+Shift+C and Ctrl+Shift+V in your defaults.json.
        // These two lines additionally bind them to Ctrl+C and Ctrl+V.
        // To learn more about selection, visit https://aka.ms/terminal-selection
        { "command": {"action": "copy", "singleLine": false }, "keys": "ctrl+c" },
        { "command": "paste", "keys": "ctrl+v" },
        // Press Ctrl+Shift+F to open the search box
        { "command": "find", "keys": "ctrl+shift+f" },
        // Press Alt+Shift+D to open a new pane.
        // - "split": "auto" makes this pane open in the direction that provides the most surface area.
        // - "splitMode": "duplicate" makes the new pane use the focused pane's profile.
        // To learn more about panes, visit https://aka.ms/terminal-panes
        { "command": { "action": "splitPane", "split": "auto", "splitMode": "duplicate" }, "keys": "alt+shift+d" }
    ]
}

配置 Ubuntu 环境

添加普通用户（如已添加普通用户，跳转到下一步配置 sshd）

在 Linux 使用过程中，应尽量避免使用 root 用户直接使用系统，请使用下面的步骤创建一个新用户

添加新用户

adduser new_user #根据自己的真实需求修改new_user
#这里是创建一个新的用户，用户名不要用new_user

将新用户添加到sudo组中
```
usermod -G sudo new_user
```
使用su命令切换到新用户
```
su - new_user
```

配置 sshd

使用命令sudo vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config打开 sshd 的配置文件，找到ClientAliveInterval和ClientAliveCountMax并将其修改为（如果没有直接添加即可）：
重启 sshd 服务
```
sudo service sshd restart
```

如果上述命令报错，大致内容为 sshd 这个服务不存在的话，就执行sudo service ssh restart

zsh 的安装及配置

安装前更新下apt源

sudo apt update

安装 zsh

sudo apt install zsh

修改默认 shell 为 zsh

chsh -s /bin/zsh

安装 oh-my-zsh

sh -c "$(wget https://raw.github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh -O -)"
##如果不成功，请执行下面两条命令，成功了就不需要做下面两条
wget 47.93.11.51:88/install_zsh.sh
bash install_zsh.sh

安装 zsh-syntax-highlighting

git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting

使用命令vim .zshrc打开.zshrc 文件，找到plugins=()这一行，将 zsh-syntax-highlighting 添加进去

plugins=(git zsh-syntax-highlighting)

安装其他插件

##命令自动补全插件
mkdir ~/.oh-my-zsh/plugins/incr
wget http://mimosa-pudica.net/src/incr-0.2.zsh -O ~/.oh-my-zsh/plugins/incr/incr.plugin.zsh
##命令自动推荐，根据历史记录
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions
##目录自动跳转插件
sudo apt install autojump

使用命令vim .zshrc，打开后在最后插入以下内容：

#设置终端颜色，提示符，及上一条指令返回码提示
autoload -U colors && colors
PROMPT="%{$fg[red]%}%n%{$reset_color%}@%{$fg[blue]%}%m %{$fg[yellow]%}%1~ %{$reset_color%}%# "
RPROMPT="[%{$fg[yellow]%}%?%{$reset_color%}]"
# Useful support for interacting with Terminal.app or other terminal programs
[ -r "/etc/zshrc_$TERM_PROGRAM" ] && . "/etc/zshrc_$TERM_PROGRAM"
source ~/.oh-my-zsh/custom/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions/zsh-autosuggestions.plugin.zsh
source /usr/share/autojump/autojump.sh
source ~/.oh-my-zsh/plugins/incr/incr*.zsh

注意，复制后可能会因为 Vim 的配置导致以上内容被注释，也就是在前面加上了#,如果有的话，删掉就行。

配置 Vim（使用新添加的用户操作）

Vim 配置推荐 - ma6174（不用打开这个官方网站）

更新 apt 源信息
```
sudo apt update
```

配置 vim，执行下面命令配置安装 vim

wget 47.93.11.51:88/install_vim.sh
bash install_vim.sh

ctags 安装与配置

使用以下命令安装ctags

sudo apt install ctags

执行以下命令

   ctags -I __THROW -I __attribute_pure__ -I __nonnull -I __attribute__ --file-scope=yes --langmap=c:+.h --languages=c,c++ --links=yes --c-kinds=+p --c++-kinds=+p --fields=+iaS --extra=+q  -f ~/.vim/systags /usr/include/* /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/sys/* /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/*  /usr/include/arpa/*

使用命令vim .vimrc编辑.vimrc，在最后添加以下内容

set tags+=~/.vim/systags

安装 glibc-doc

使用以下命令安装

sudo apt install glibc-doc