Docker快速入门

Docker是干什么用的

很多人一开始学习Docker的时候，感觉Docker很像虚拟机，误以为Docker就是虚拟机。其实Docker不是虚拟机！这个千万不要搞错了！先记下这个硬性结果，后续真正搞环境搭建、项目部署的时候，就会明白了。
现代软件开发的目标之一是应用程序既能运行在同一主机或集群上，又能彼此隔离，这样它们就不会过度干扰彼此的操作或维护，但由于要运行包、库和其他软件组件，这样就会变得会比较困难。
解决这个问题的方案之一是用虚拟机，它将相同硬件上的应用程序完全隔离，并将软件组件之间的冲突和硬件资源之间的竞争降到最低，但是虚拟机体积比较庞大，每个虚拟机都需要自己的操作系统，所以通常是GB大小而且很难维护和升级。
与虚拟机相反，容器将应用程序的执行环境彼此隔离，但共享底层OS内核。它们通常以兆字节为单位，使用的资源比虚拟机少得多，而且几乎是立即启动的。可以做到在相同的硬件上更密集地打包，而不需要花费太多的精力和开销。
容器提供了一种高效和高粒度的机制，将软件组件组合到现代企业所需的各种应用程序和服务堆栈中，并保持这些软件组件的更新和维护。

镜像与容器的关系

镜像与容器的关系就像类与对象的关系，类是对象的抽象，对象是类的实例。
下载一个镜像可以用来启动多个容器。

Docker的安装

# 查看系统的内核：
uname -r
# 查看系统配置
cat /etc/os-release
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-957.21.3.el7.x86_64
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# cat /etc/os-release
NAME="CentOS Linux"
VERSION="7 (Core)"
ID="centos"
ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"
VERSION_ID="7"
PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7"
HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-7"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="7"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="7"

Docker的安装步骤

（1）卸载旧的版本

yum remove docker \
                  docker-client \
                  docker-client-latest \
                  docker-common \
                  docker-latest \
                  docker-latest-logrotate \
                  docker-logrotate \
                  docker-engine

（2）下载需要的安装包

yum install -y yum-utils

（3）设置镜像的仓库

yum-config-manager \
    --add-repo \
    https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo  #国外的地址
    # 设置阿里云的Docker镜像仓库
yum-config-manager \
    --add-repo \
    https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo  #国外的地址

（4）更新yum软件包索引

yum makecache fast

（5）安装docker相关的配置

 # docker-ce 是社区版，docker-ee 企业版
 yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
 # 出现了completed即安装成功。

（6）启动Docker

systemctl start docker
# 查看当前版本号，是否启动成功
docker version
# 设置开机自启动
systemctl enable docker

（7）hello-world

# 没有会去自动下载
docker run hello-world
# 查看下载的hello world镜像
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z lib]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
hello-world   latest    bf756fb1ae65   11 months ago   13.3kB

Docker的卸载

# 1. 卸载依赖
yum remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
# 2. 删除资源  . /var/lib/docker是docker的默认工作路径
rm -rf /var/lib/docker

Docker常用命令

基础命令

docker version          #查看docker的版本信息
docker info             #查看docker的系统信息,包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help       #帮助命令(可查看可选的参数)
docker COMMAND --help
# 命令的帮助文档地址:https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/docker/

镜像命令

# docker images 查看本地主机的所有镜像
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
hello-world   latest    bf756fb1ae65   11 months ago   13.3kB
# 解释:
1.REPOSITORY  镜像的仓库源
2.TAG  镜像的标签
3.IMAGE ID 镜像的id
4.CREATED 镜像的创建时间
5.SIZE 镜像的大小
# 可选参数
-a/--all 列出所有镜像
-q/--quiet 只显示镜像的id

# docker search 搜索镜像
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker search mysql
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   10308     [OK]
mariadb                           MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS…   3819      [OK]
mysql/mysql-server                Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create…   754                  [OK]
percona                           Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati…   517       [OK]
centos/mysql-57-centos7           MySQL 5.7 SQL database server                   86
mysql/mysql-cluster               Experimental MySQL Cluster Docker images. Cr…   79
centurylink/mysql                 Image containing mysql. Optimized to be link…   60                   [OK]
#可选参数
Search the Docker Hub for images
Options:
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
      --format string   Pretty-print search using a Go template
      --limit int       Max number of search results (default 25)
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
# 搜索收藏数大于3000的镜像
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   10308     [OK]
mariadb   MariaDB is a community-developed fordockerk of MyS…   3819      [OK]

# docker pull 镜像名[:tag] 下载镜像
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest            #如果不写tag默认就是latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
6ec7b7d162b2: Pull complete          #分层下载,docker image的核心-联合文件系统
fedd960d3481: Pull complete
7ab947313861: Pull complete
64f92f19e638: Pull complete
3e80b17bff96: Pull complete
014e976799f9: Pull complete
59ae84fee1b3: Pull complete
ffe10de703ea: Pull complete
657af6d90c83: Pull complete
98bfb480322c: Pull complete
6aa3859c4789: Pull complete
1ed875d851ef: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:78800e6d3f1b230e35275145e657b82c3fb02a27b2d8e76aac2f5e90c1c30873 #签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest  #下载来源的真实地址  #docker pull mysql等价于docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest
## 指定版本下载
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
6ec7b7d162b2: Already exists
fedd960d3481: Already exists
7ab947313861: Already exists
64f92f19e638: Already exists
3e80b17bff96: Already exists
014e976799f9: Already exists
59ae84fee1b3: Already exists
7d1da2a18e2e: Pull complete
301a28b700b9: Pull complete
529dc8dbeaf3: Pull complete
bc9d021dc13f: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:c3a567d3e3ad8b05dfce401ed08f0f6bf3f3b64cc17694979d5f2e5d78e10173
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

# docker rmi 删除镜像
#1.删除指定的镜像id
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker rmi -f  镜像id
#2.删除多个镜像id
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker rmi -f  镜像id 镜像id 镜像id
#3.删除全部的镜像id
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker rmi -f  $(docker images -aq)

容器命令

docker pull centos

docker run [可选参数] image
#参数说明
--name="名字"           指定容器名字
-d                     后台方式运行
-it                    使用交互方式运行,进入容器查看内容
-p                     指定容器的端口
(
-p ip:主机端口:容器端口  配置主机端口映射到容器端口
-p 主机端口:容器端口
-p 容器端口
)
-P                     随机指定端口(大写的P)

[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@bd1b8900c547 /]# ls      
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

#exit 停止并退出容器（后台方式运行则仅退出）
#Ctrl+P+Q  不停止容器退出
[root@bd1b8900c547 /]# exit
exit
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]#

#docker ps 
     # 列出当前正在运行的容器
-a   # 列出所有容器的运行记录
-n=? # 显示最近创建的n个容器
-q   # 只显示容器的编号
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
bca129320bb5   centos         "/bin/bash"   4 minutes ago   Exited (0) 3 minutes ago             optimistic_shtern
bd1b8900c547   centos         "/bin/bash"   6 minutes ago   Exited (0) 5 minutes ago             cool_tesla
cf6adbf1b506   bf756fb1ae65   "/hello"      5 hours ago     Exited (0) 5 hours ago               optimistic_darwin

docker rm 容器id                 #删除指定的容器,不能删除正在运行的容器,强制删除使用 rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)   #删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm #删除所有的容器

docker start 容器id          #启动容器
docker restart 容器id        #重启容器
docker stop 容器id           #停止当前运行的容器
docker kill 容器id           #强制停止当前容器

其他常用命令

[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker logs --help
Usage:  docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER
Fetch the logs of a container
Options:
      --details        Show extra details provided to logs
  -f, --follow         Follow log output
      --since string   Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
  -n, --tail string    Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default "all")
  -t, --timestamps     Show timestamps
      --until string   Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
常用：
docker logs -tf 容器id
docker logs --tail number 容器id #num为要显示的日志条数
#docker容器后台运行，必须要有一个前台的进程，否则会自动停止
#编写shell脚本循环执行，使得centos容器保持运行状态
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo hi;sleep 5;done"
c703b5b1911ff84d584390263a35707b6024816e1f46542b61918a6327a570dc
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
c703b5b1911f   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   13 seconds ago   Up 10 seconds             pedantic_banach
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 c703b5b1911f
2020-12-27T03:34:07.255599560Z hi
2020-12-27T03:34:12.257641517Z hi
2020-12-27T03:34:17.259706294Z hi
2020-12-27T03:34:22.261693707Z hi
2020-12-27T03:34:27.262609289Z hi
2020-12-27T03:34:32.267862677Z hi
2020-12-27T03:34:37.270382873Z hi
2020-12-27T03:34:42.272414182Z hi
2020-12-27T03:34:47.274823243Z hi
2020-12-27T03:34:52.277419274Z hi

[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker top c703b5b1911f
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                11156               11135               0                   11:31               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/sh -c while true;do echo hi;sleep 5;done
root                11886               11156               0                   11:43               ?                   00:00:00            /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 5

[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker inspect 容器id

# 因为通常我们的容器都是使用后台方式来运行的，有时需要进入容器修改配置
# 方式一：
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker exec -it c703b5b1911f /bin/bash
[root@c703b5b1911f /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@c703b5b1911f /]# ps -ef      
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root         1     0  0 03:31 ?        00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo hi;sleep 5;done
root       279     0  0 03:54 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root       315     1  0 03:56 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 5
root       316   279  0 03:56 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef
# 方式二：
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker attach c703b5b1911f
# docker exec 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作
# docker attach 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程

# 拷贝容器的文件到主机中
# docker cp 容器id:容器内路径  目的主机路径
# 拷贝宿主机的文件到容器中
# docker cp 目的主机路径 容器id:容器内路径
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker exec -it c703b5b1911f /bin/bash
[root@c703b5b1911f /]# cd home
[root@c703b5b1911f home]# ls
#touch 新建文件
[root@c703b5b1911f home]# touch test.java
[root@c703b5b1911f home]# ls
test.java
[root@c703b5b1911f home]# exit
exit
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
c703b5b1911f   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   35 minutes ago   Up 35 minutes             pedantic_banach
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker cp c703b5b1911f:/home/test.java /home
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# ls /home
hai  pan  test.java

小结

常用容器部署

Nginx部署

下载nginx镜像

可以到dockerhub官网查看Nginx的详细版本信息 ：https://hub.docker.com/_/nginx

[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker search nginx
NAME                               DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
nginx                              Official build of Nginx.                        14207     [OK]       
jwilder/nginx-proxy                Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con…   1932                 [OK]
richarvey/nginx-php-fpm            Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of…   797                  [OK]
linuxserver/nginx                  An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS…   137                  
jc21/nginx-proxy-manager           Docker container for managing Nginx proxy ho…   123                  
tiangolo/nginx-rtmp                Docker image with Nginx using the nginx-rtmp…   107                  [OK]
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
6ec7b7d162b2: Already exists 
cb420a90068e: Pull complete 
2766c0bf2b07: Pull complete 
e05167b6a99d: Pull complete 
70ac9d795e79: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:4cf620a5c81390ee209398ecc18e5fb9dd0f5155cd82adcbae532fec94006fb9
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker images;
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
mysql        5.7       f07dfa83b528   5 days ago    448MB
nginx        latest    ae2feff98a0c   11 days ago   133MB
centos       latest    300e315adb2f   2 weeks ago   209MB

运行测试

docker run -d --name nginx01 -p 3334:80 nginx
-d 后台运行
--name 给容器命名
-p 3334:80 将宿主机的端口3334映射到该容器的80端口

[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker run -d --name nginx01 -p 3334:80 nginx
20c896637ff5de8be835797109d62ee2465e28d9d716be5a8d550ef7d547fcf5
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                  NAMES
20c896637ff5   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   7 seconds ago   Up 5 seconds   0.0.0.0:3334->80/tcp   nginx01

端口暴露的概念：

访问测试

本地主机访问测试，curl命令发起请求，如果使用云服务器需要设置安全组。
没设置云服务安全组，只能在本地访问，外网访问不了！

[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                  NAMES
20c896637ff5   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   7 minutes ago   Up 7 minutes   0.0.0.0:3334->80/tcp   nginx01
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# curl localhost:3334
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

配置文件

[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker exec -it nginx01 /bin/bash
root@20c896637ff5:/# whereis nginx
nginx: /usr/sbin/nginx /usr/lib/nginx /etc/nginx /usr/share/nginx
root@20c896637ff5:/# cd /etc/nginx
root@20c896637ff5:/etc/nginx# ls
conf.d    fastcgi_params    koi-utf  koi-win  mime.types  modules  nginx.conf  scgi_params    uwsgi_params  win-utf
# 有些命令docker中没有
root@f12b4d977e75:/etc/nginx# ll
bash: ll: command not found
root@f12b4d977e75:/etc/nginx# vim nginx.conf 
bash: vim: command not found
root@f12b4d977e75:/etc/nginx# tail nginx.conf 
    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    #gzip  on;
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}

安装vim

我们使用Nginx往往需要编写配置文件，但是Nginx官方镜像没有安装vim，需要我们手动进行安装。使用以下命令进行安装：

apt-get install vim
# 如果执行上述命令出现提示：
        Reading package lists... Done
        Building dependency tree       
        Reading state information... Done
        E: Unable to locate package vim
# 则需要先同步 /etc/apt/sources.list 和 /etc/apt/sources.list.d 中列出的源的索引，
# 这样才能获取到最新的软件包。执行以下命令来更新：
apt-get update

更新完毕再安装即可。我们修改了配置文件，只要重新启动容器docker restart 容器id，改动就可以生效了。
解决vim在终端不能复制的问题：在vim 中输入 :set mouse=r。

拓展：启动项目并设置数据卷，为避免nginx因为修改配置文件导致的错误而无法启动容器，我们可以通过cp命令覆盖配置文件，但是设置数据卷会更为方便。启动Nginx容器的同时设置数据卷的命令：

docker run 
--name my_nginx
-d -p 80:80  
-v /data/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf 
-v /data/nginx/log:/var/log/nginx 
-v /data/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html
nginx
# 参数说明：
# 第一个-v：挂载nginx的主配置文件，以方便在宿主机上直接修改容器的配置文件
# 第二个-v：挂载容器内nginx的日志，容器运行起来之后，可以直接在宿主机的这个目录中查看nginx日志
# 第三个-v：挂载静态页面目录

启动第二台Nginx

[root@VM-16-10-centos ~]# docker run -d --name nginx02 -p 3344:80 nginx
a2db132069238e0a1210d1d2e99cb12333a211dca41ff8622b2edd8b6bdfe2b7
[root@VM-16-10-centos ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                   NAMES
a2db13206923   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   7 seconds ago    Up 6 seconds    0.0.0.0:3344->80/tcp, :::3344->80/tcp   nginx02
f12b4d977e75   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   16 minutes ago   Up 16 minutes   0.0.0.0:3334->80/tcp, :::3334->80/tcp   nginx01
[root@VM-16-10-centos ~]# curl localhost:3344
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
html { color-scheme: light dark; }
body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

Tomcat部署

拉取tomcat

# 搜索带版本的tomcat
[root@VM-16-10-centos ~]# docker search tomcat:8.5
NAME                                  DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
racerpeter/jetbrains-license-server   A dockerized JetBrains License Server based …   2                    
zhaoyanjun/tomcat                     openjdk:8 tomcat:8.5 开启远程访问 admin admi…         0                    
zhangjh123/tomcat                     tomcat:8.5-jre8-alpine                          0                    
oxnme/tomcat                          tomcat:8.5-jre8-alpine + fontconfig             0                    
kingchdu/centos_tomcat                centos:7.5.1804, jdk:1.8.0_181, tomcat:8.5.34   0                    
acntechie/uaa                         Docker image with Cloudfoundry UAA, based on…   0                    
hossamgbm/tomcat8                     tomcat:8.5.38 for development purposes, defa…   0                    
# 搜索最新的tomcat
[root@VM-16-10-centos ~]# docker search tomcat
NAME                                           DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
tomcat                                         Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati…   3302      [OK]       
tomee                                          Apache TomEE is an all-Apache Java EE certif…   96        [OK]       
bitnami/tomcat                                 Bitnami Tomcat Docker Image                     44                   [OK]
rightctrl/tomcat                               CentOS , Oracle Java, tomcat application ssl…   7                    [OK]
arm64v8/tomcat                                 Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati…   7                    
amd64/tomcat                                   Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati…   4                    
tomcat2111/pisignage-server                    PiSignage Server                                3                    [OK]
jelastic/tomcat                                An image of the Tomcat Java application serv…   3                    
cfje/tomcat-resource                           Tomcat Concourse Resource                       2                    
chenyufeng/tomcat-centos                       tomcat基于centos6的镜像                              1                    [OK]
tomcatling/jupyterhub_aws                                                                      1                    
ppc64le/tomcat                                 Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati…   1                    
tomcat2111/phpredisadmin                       This is a Docker image for phpredisadmin        0                    [OK]
softwareplant/tomcat                           Tomcat images for jira-cloud testing            0                    [OK]
tomcat2111/bitbucket-pipelines-elasticsearch   Elasticsearch for Bitbucket's Pipelines         0                    
store/microsoft/defaultpublisher               Zulu for Azure build of OpenJDK                 0                    
tomcat0823/auto1                                                                               0                    
tomcatengineering/docker_swarm_exporter        Prometheus metrics exporter for Docker Swarms   0                    
tomcat2111/papercut-mf                         PaperCut MF Application Server                  0                    
s390x/tomcat                                   Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati…   0                    
tomcat2111/piwik                               Matomo (formerly Piwik) image                   0                    
tomcat2111/redaxo                              Redaxo                                          0                    
tomcatengineering/pg_backup_rotated            Clone of martianrock/pg_backup_rotated but w…   0                    
secoresearch/tomcat-varnish                    Tomcat and Varnish 5.0                          0                    [OK]
tomcat2111/nextcloud                           Nextcloud container with environment variabl…   0                    [OK]
# 拉取带版本的tomcat
[root@VM-16-10-centos ~]# docker pull tomcat:8.5
8.5: Pulling from library/tomcat
dbba69284b27: Pull complete 
9baf437a1bad: Pull complete 
6ade5c59e324: Pull complete 
b19a994f6d4c: Pull complete 
43c0aceedb57: Pull complete 
24e7c71ec633: Pull complete 
612cf131e488: Pull complete 
dc655e69dd90: Pull complete 
c370021cb71e: Pull complete 
f0c25149f239: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:8d7231354284be82ddc4567b209f4fea3a6f42f4f9626005e793953fc0a2d066
Status: Downloaded newer image for tomcat:8.5
docker.io/library/tomcat:8.5
# 拉取最新的tomcat
[root@VM-16-10-centos ~]# docker pull tomcat
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/tomcat
dbba69284b27: Already exists 
9baf437a1bad: Already exists 
6ade5c59e324: Already exists 
b19a994f6d4c: Already exists 
43c0aceedb57: Already exists 
24e7c71ec633: Already exists 
612cf131e488: Already exists 
dc655e69dd90: Already exists 
efe57b7441f6: Pull complete 
8db51a0119f4: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:263f93ac29cb2dbba4275a4e647b448cb39a66334a6340b94da8bf13bde770aa
Status: Downloaded newer image for tomcat:latest
docker.io/library/tomcat:latest

运行测试

[root@VM-16-10-centos ~]# docker run -d -p 3335:8080 --name tomcat01 tomcat
ee95b362bc64a8d3b3f90fbb749cc9ce10e1aaf351a83c7d7c2beca9fc0bc168

进入容器

1.容器中的命令是少了
2.阿里云镜像默认下载的是最小的镜像，保证最小的运行环境（所以刚开始启动会404）。

[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker exec -it tomcat01 /bin/bash
root@7136295a6082:/usr/local/tomcat# ls
BUILDING.txt  CONTRIBUTING.md  LICENSE    NOTICE    README.md  RELEASE-NOTES  RUNNING.txt  bin  conf  lib  logs  native-jni-lib  temp  webapps  webapps.dist  work
root@7136295a6082:/usr/local/tomcat# cd webapps.dist
root@7136295a6082:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps.dist# ls
ROOT  docs  examples  host-manager  manager
root@7136295a6082:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps.dist# cd ROOT
root@7136295a6082:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps.dist/ROOT# ls
RELEASE-NOTES.txt  WEB-INF  asf-logo-wide.svg  bg-button.png  bg-middle.png  bg-nav.png  bg-upper.png  favicon.ico  index.jsp  tomcat.css  tomcat.svg
root@7136295a6082:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps.dist/ROOT# cd ../../
root@7136295a6082:/usr/local/tomcat# cd webapps
root@7136295a6082:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# ls
root@7136295a6082:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# cp -r /usr/local/tomcat/webapps.dist/* /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/
root@7136295a6082:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# ls
ROOT  docs  examples  host-manager  manager
root@7136295a6082:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# exit
exit

访问测试

# 直接访问
[root@VM-16-10-centos ~]# curl localhost:3335
<!doctype html><html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 – Not Found</title><style type="text/css">body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;} h1, h2, h3, b {color:white;background-color:#525D76;} h1 {font-size:22px;} h2 {font-size:16px;} h3 {font-size:14px;} p {font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 – Not Found</h1><hr class="line" /><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line" /><h3>Apache Tomcat/10.0.20</h3></body></html>[root@VM-16-10-centos ~]# 
# 进入容器操作后访问
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# curl localhost:3335
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8" />
        <title>Apache Tomcat/9.0.41</title>
        <link href="favicon.ico" rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" />
        <link href="tomcat.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
    </head>
    <body>
        <div id="wrapper">
            <div id="navigation" class="curved container">
                <span id="nav-home"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/">Home</a></span>
                <span id="nav-hosts"><a href="/docs/">Documentation</a></span>
                <span id="nav-config"><a href="/docs/config/">Configuration</a></span>
                <span id="nav-examples"><a href="/examples/">Examples</a></span>
                <span id="nav-wiki"><a href="https://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/FrontPage">Wiki</a></span>
                <span id="nav-lists"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/lists.html">Mailing Lists</a></span>
                <span id="nav-help"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/findhelp.html">Find Help</a></span>
                <br class="separator" />
            </div>

Mysql部署

下载并运行

# 拉取并运行容器
docker run -d --name mysql-5.7 -p 3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 mysql:5.7
# 参数说明
# -p 3306:3306 ：映射容器服务的 3306 端口到宿主机的 3306 端口，
# 外部主机可以直接通过 宿主机ip:3306 访问到 MySQL 的服务。
# MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456：设置 MySQL 服务 默认账号root 用户的密码。

进入容器查看MySQL服务

进入容器，并通过账号root查看MySQL服务能否正常连接。

docker exec -it 9b3aad6819ff /bin/bash
mysql -h localhost -u root -p

ElacticSearch部署

下载并运行

# 添加 ’-e ES_JAVA_OPTS="-Xms128m -Xmx512m" ‘ 配置ElasticSearch的虚拟机占用的内存大小。
# docker stats 查看资源占用情况
# docker run -d --name elasticsearch -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 -e "discovery.type=single-node" -e ES_JAVA_OPTS="-Xms128m -Xmx512m" elasticsearch:7.6.2
# 下载并运行
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker run -d --name elasticsearch01 -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 -e "discovery.type=single-node" -e ES_JAVA_OPTS="-Xms128m -Xmx512m" elasticsearch:7.6.2
3b8cd4991814896c523ee67b84ce198e32bd82b1a62d512b198138a58ca946f1
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                 COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS         PORTS                                            NAMES
3b8cd4991814   elasticsearch:7.6.2   "/usr/local/bin/dock…"   10 seconds ago   Up 6 seconds   0.0.0.0:9200->9200/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9300->9300/tcp   elasticsearch01
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker stats
[root@VM-16-10-centos ~]# curl localhost:9200
{
  "name" : "89a915055741",
  "cluster_name" : "docker-cluster",
  "cluster_uuid" : "IeN38Z9DRjuKuVJwKQz71g",
  "version" : {
    "number" : "7.6.2",
    "build_flavor" : "default",
    "build_type" : "docker",
    "build_hash" : "ef48eb35cf30adf4db14086e8aabd07ef6fb113f",
    "build_date" : "2020-03-26T06:34:37.794943Z",
    "build_snapshot" : false,
    "lucene_version" : "8.4.0",
    "minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "6.8.0",
    "minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "6.0.0-beta1"
  },
  "tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
}
[root@VM-16-10-centos ~]#

Kibana连接ES

可视化

下载安装

docker run -d  -p 9000:9000 --name=portainer --restart=always -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock -v portainer_data:/data portainer/portainer

参考资料

• docker可视化工具portainer-单机

参考资料

• 【狂神说Java】Docker最新超详细版教程通俗易懂
• Windows10家庭版添加Hyper-V的方法
• DOCKER安装JDK1.8
• Docker是干什么用的？
• 什么是Docker容器，它有什么作用？
• Docker快速入门总结笔记
• Docker笔记：同上

https://www.runoob.com/docker/docker-command-manual.html
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_34936541/article/details/104890251

https://blog.csdn.net/lyk_ffl/article/details/119795457?spm=1001.2101.3001.6650.1&utm_medium=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-2%7Edefault%7ECTRLIST%7ERate-1.pc_relevant_default&depth_1-utm_source=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-2%7Edefault%7ECTRLIST%7ERate-1.pc_relevant_default&utm_relevant_index=2

https://bareth.blog.csdn.net/article/details/114266009?spm=1001.2101.3001.6650.1&utm_medium=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-2%7Edefault%7ECTRLIST%7ERate-1.pc_relevant_default&depth_1-utm_source=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-2%7Edefault%7ECTRLIST%7ERate-1.pc_relevant_default&utm_relevant_index=2