一、环境准备

（1）使用docker pull centos 下载一个centos的最新版本的镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID   CREATED   SIZE
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull centos
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/centos
a1d0c7532777: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
docker.io/library/centos:latest
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
centos       latest    5d0da3dc9764   3 weeks ago   231MB
[root@localhost ~]#

二、docker操作常用的命令

2.1 docker run 命令

（1）docker run —help 帮助信息

[root@localhost ~]# docker run --help
Usage:  docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
Run a command in a new container
Options:
      --add-host list                  Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
  -a, --attach list                    Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR
      --blkio-weight uint16            Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and
                                       1000, or 0 to disable (default 0)
      --blkio-weight-device list       Block IO weight (relative device weight)
                                       (default [])
      --cap-add list                   Add Linux capabilities
      --cap-drop list                  Drop Linux capabilities
      --cgroup-parent string           Optional parent cgroup for the container
      --cgroupns string                Cgroup namespace to use (host|private)
                                       'host':    Run the container in the Docker
                                       host's cgroup namespace
                                       'private': Run the container in its own private
                                       cgroup namespace
                                       '':        Use the cgroup namespace as
                                       configured by the
                                                  default-cgroupns-mode option on the
                                       daemon (default)
      --cidfile string                 Write the container ID to the file
      --cpu-period int                 Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
      --cpu-quota int                  Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
      --cpu-rt-period int              Limit CPU real-time period in microseconds
      --cpu-rt-runtime int             Limit CPU real-time runtime in microseconds
  -c, --cpu-shares int                 CPU shares (relative weight)
      --cpus decimal                   Number of CPUs
      --cpuset-cpus string             CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
      --cpuset-mems string             MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
  -d, --detach                         Run container in background and print container ID
      --detach-keys string             Override the key sequence for detaching a container
      --device list                    Add a host device to the container
      --device-cgroup-rule list        Add a rule to the cgroup allowed devices list
      --device-read-bps list           Limit read rate (bytes per second) from a
                                       device (default [])
      --device-read-iops list          Limit read rate (IO per second) from a device
                                       (default [])
      --device-write-bps list          Limit write rate (bytes per second) to a device
                                       (default [])
      --device-write-iops list         Limit write rate (IO per second) to a device
                                       (default [])
      --disable-content-trust          Skip image verification (default true)
      --dns list                       Set custom DNS servers
      --dns-option list                Set DNS options
      --dns-search list                Set custom DNS search domains
      --domainname string              Container NIS domain name
      --entrypoint string              Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image
  -e, --env list                       Set environment variables
      --env-file list                  Read in a file of environment variables
      --expose list                    Expose a port or a range of ports
      --gpus gpu-request               GPU devices to add to the container ('all' to
                                       pass all GPUs)
      --group-add list                 Add additional groups to join
      --health-cmd string              Command to run to check health
      --health-interval duration       Time between running the check (ms|s|m|h)
                                       (default 0s)
      --health-retries int             Consecutive failures needed to report unhealthy
      --health-start-period duration   Start period for the container to initialize
                                       before starting health-retries countdown
                                       (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
      --health-timeout duration        Maximum time to allow one check to run
                                       (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
      --help                           Print usage
  -h, --hostname string                Container host name
      --init                           Run an init inside the container that forwards
                                       signals and reaps processes
  -i, --interactive                    Keep STDIN open even if not attached
      --ip string                      IPv4 address (e.g., 172.30.100.104)
      --ip6 string                     IPv6 address (e.g., 2001:db8::33)
      --ipc string                     IPC mode to use
      --isolation string               Container isolation technology
      --kernel-memory bytes            Kernel memory limit
  -l, --label list                     Set meta data on a container
      --label-file list                Read in a line delimited file of labels
      --link list                      Add link to another container
      --link-local-ip list             Container IPv4/IPv6 link-local addresses
      --log-driver string              Logging driver for the container
      --log-opt list                   Log driver options
      --mac-address string             Container MAC address (e.g., 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33)
  -m, --memory bytes                   Memory limit
      --memory-reservation bytes       Memory soft limit
      --memory-swap bytes              Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to
                                       enable unlimited swap
      --memory-swappiness int          Tune container memory swappiness (0 to 100)
                                       (default -1)
      --mount mount                    Attach a filesystem mount to the container
      --name string                    Assign a name to the container
      --network network                Connect a container to a network
      --network-alias list             Add network-scoped alias for the container
      --no-healthcheck                 Disable any container-specified HEALTHCHECK
      --oom-kill-disable               Disable OOM Killer
      --oom-score-adj int              Tune host's OOM preferences (-1000 to 1000)
      --pid string                     PID namespace to use
      --pids-limit int                 Tune container pids limit (set -1 for unlimited)
      --platform string                Set platform if server is multi-platform capable
      --privileged                     Give extended privileges to this container
  -p, --publish list                   Publish a container's port(s) to the host
  -P, --publish-all                    Publish all exposed ports to random ports
      --pull string                    Pull image before running
                                       ("always"|"missing"|"never") (default "missing")
      --read-only                      Mount the container's root filesystem as read only
      --restart string                 Restart policy to apply when a container exits
                                       (default "no")
      --rm                             Automatically remove the container when it exits
      --runtime string                 Runtime to use for this container
      --security-opt list              Security Options
      --shm-size bytes                 Size of /dev/shm
      --sig-proxy                      Proxy received signals to the process (default true)
      --stop-signal string             Signal to stop a container (default "SIGTERM")
      --stop-timeout int               Timeout (in seconds) to stop a container
      --storage-opt list               Storage driver options for the container
      --sysctl map                     Sysctl options (default map[])
      --tmpfs list                     Mount a tmpfs directory
  -t, --tty                            Allocate a pseudo-TTY
      --ulimit ulimit                  Ulimit options (default [])
  -u, --user string                    Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
      --userns string                  User namespace to use
      --uts string                     UTS namespace to use
  -v, --volume list                    Bind mount a volume
      --volume-driver string           Optional volume driver for the container
      --volumes-from list              Mount volumes from the specified container(s)
  -w, --workdir string                 Working directory inside the container
[root@localhost ~]#

（2）docker run [可选参数] 镜像名称
—name 设置docker容器的名称
-d 在后台运行docker
-it 使用交互的方式运行docker
-p 执行容器的端口，如 -p 80:80
-P 随机指定端口

如下为以交互的方式启动并进入docker容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@3e394ae7eda7 /]#

（3）docker run -d 镜像名称 后台启动docker
如下为后台启动centos容器，这里需要注意的是，使用-d后台启动docker镜像后，如果docker镜像中没有前台进程，则docker容器停止，即当docker发现没有前台进程时就会自动停止

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d centos
3cab830ec97c4f964b62a42726e3e541f689f906e00ee2a24289f2ce44a2b94e
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED              STATUS                          PORTS     NAMES
3cab830ec97c   centos    "/bin/bash"   About a minute ago   Exited (0) About a minute ago             inspiring_benz
[root@localhost ~]#

（4）docker run -d 镜像名称 /bin/bash -C “xxx” 后台启动一个docker容器，并且执行xxx的shell脚本
如下为后台启动一个docker，并且docker容器中循环打印hello_docker，此时可以发现docker处于运行状态

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d centos  /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo hello_docker;sleep 1;done"
9f427c9ff601d31891fc947932a4e11f8e8b696dfd4a93dceea5bbfa6f465a33
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
9f427c9ff601   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   3 seconds ago   Up 2 seconds             nice_almeida
[root@localhost ~]#

2.2 退出容器

（1）使用exit 命令，注意如果使用exit命令进入退出后，docker就停止了

[root@3e394ae7eda7 /]# exit
exit
[root@localhost ~]#

（2）使用快捷键 Ctrl+p Ctrl + q 快捷键可以做到退出docker容器，同时docker容器不会停止

2.3 docker ps 命令

（1）docker ps 帮助信息

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps --help
Usage:  docker ps [OPTIONS]
List containers
Options:
  -a, --all             Show all containers (default shows just running)
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
      --format string   Pretty-print containers using a Go template
  -n, --last int        Show n last created containers (includes all states) (default -1)
  -l, --latest          Show the latest created container (includes all states)
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
  -q, --quiet           Only display container IDs
  -s, --size            Display total file sizes
[root@localhost ~]#

（2）docker ps 列出正在运行的容器
如下，表示当前没有docker在运行

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@localhost ~]#

（3）docker ps -a 列出正在运行和历史运行过的docker容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
3e394ae7eda7   centos         "/bin/bash"   6 minutes ago   Exited (0) 4 minutes ago             unruffled_lederberg
c2f1f112cbbe   feb5d9fea6a5   "/hello"      10 hours ago    Exited (0) 10 hours ago              loving_morse
0150f4c51f21   feb5d9fea6a5   "/hello"      10 hours ago    Exited (0) 10 hours ago              optimistic_albattani
[root@localhost ~]#

（4）docker ps -n 个数 列出最近创建的容器
如下表示最近创建的1个容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -n 1
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
3e394ae7eda7   centos    "/bin/bash"   7 minutes ago   Exited (0) 5 minutes ago             unruffled_lederberg
[root@localhost ~]#

（5）docker ps -aq 显示所有运行过的容器的id

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -aq
3e394ae7eda7
c2f1f112cbbe
0150f4c51f21
[root@localhost ~]#

2.4 docker rm -f 容器id 命令

（1）docker rm -f 容器id 删除容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                    PORTS     NAMES
3e394ae7eda7   centos         "/bin/bash"   14 minutes ago   Up 3 minutes                        unruffled_lederberg
c2f1f112cbbe   feb5d9fea6a5   "/hello"      10 hours ago     Exited (0) 10 hours ago             loving_morse
0150f4c51f21   feb5d9fea6a5   "/hello"      10 hours ago     Exited (0) 10 hours ago             optimistic_albattani
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm -f 0150f4c51f21
0150f4c51f21
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                    PORTS     NAMES
3e394ae7eda7   centos         "/bin/bash"   14 minutes ago   Up 3 minutes                        unruffled_lederberg
c2f1f112cbbe   feb5d9fea6a5   "/hello"      10 hours ago     Exited (0) 10 hours ago             loving_morse
[root@localhost ~]#

（2）docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) 删除所有docker容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                    PORTS     NAMES
3e394ae7eda7   centos         "/bin/bash"   17 minutes ago   Up 6 minutes                        unruffled_lederberg
c2f1f112cbbe   feb5d9fea6a5   "/hello"      10 hours ago     Exited (0) 10 hours ago             loving_morse
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)
3e394ae7eda7
c2f1f112cbbe
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@localhost ~]#

（3）docker ps -aq|xargs docker rm -f 也可以删除所有的容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
2fe6ca22d978   centos    "/bin/bash"   4 seconds ago    Exited (0) 3 seconds ago              centos02
40dbe1daff99   centos    "/bin/bash"   12 seconds ago   Exited (0) 12 seconds ago             centos01
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -aq|xargs docker rm -f
2fe6ca22d978
40dbe1daff99
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@localhost ~]#

2.5 启动和停止容器

（1）docker start 容器id 启动容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
aa2976a9dbb1   centos    "/bin/bash"   19 seconds ago   Exited (0) 15 seconds ago             blissful_kirch
[root@localhost ~]# docker start aa2976a9dbb1
aa2976a9dbb1
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
aa2976a9dbb1   centos    "/bin/bash"   33 seconds ago   Up 2 seconds             blissful_kirch
[root@localhost ~]#

（2）docker restart 容器id 重启重启

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
aa2976a9dbb1   centos    "/bin/bash"   7 minutes ago   Up 6 minutes             blissful_kirch
[root@localhost ~]# docker restart aa2976a9dbb1
aa2976a9dbb1
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS        PORTS     NAMES
aa2976a9dbb1   centos    "/bin/bash"   7 minutes ago   Up 1 second             blissful_kirch
[root@localhost ~]#

（3）docker stop 容器id 停止容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
aa2976a9dbb1   centos    "/bin/bash"   8 minutes ago   Up 30 seconds             blissful_kirch
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop aa2976a9dbb1
aa2976a9dbb1
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
aa2976a9dbb1   centos    "/bin/bash"   8 minutes ago   Exited (0) 4 seconds ago             blissful_kirch
[root@localhost ~]#

（4）docker kill 容器id 停止容器（当使用docker stop 无法停止时，可以使用docker kill 直接杀掉）

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
aa2976a9dbb1   centos    "/bin/bash"   9 minutes ago   Up 9 seconds             blissful_kirch
[root@localhost ~]# docker kill aa2976a9dbb1
aa2976a9dbb1
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                       PORTS     NAMES
aa2976a9dbb1   centos    "/bin/bash"   9 minutes ago   Exited (137) 5 seconds ago             blissful_kirch
[root@localhost ~]#

2.6 docker logs 查看日志命令

（1）docker logs —help 查看docker logs 的帮助信息

[root@localhost ~]# docker logs --help
Usage:  docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER
Fetch the logs of a container
Options:
      --details        Show extra details provided to logs
  -f, --follow         Follow log output
      --since string   Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or
                       relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
  -n, --tail string    Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default "all")
  -t, --timestamps     Show timestamps
      --until string   Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or
                       relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
[root@localhost ~]#

（2）docker logs -tf —tail num 容器id 可以查看启动容器的最新num行的日志
如下查看10行日志，并且会一直更新。类似linux中的tail -f 的效果

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d centos  /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo hello_docker;sleep 1;done"
9f427c9ff601d31891fc947932a4e11f8e8b696dfd4a93dceea5bbfa6f465a33
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
9f427c9ff601   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   3 seconds ago   Up 2 seconds             nice_almeida
[root@localhost ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 9f427c9ff601
2021-10-10T15:27:02.215242337Z hello_docker
2021-10-10T15:27:03.218393417Z hello_docker
2021-10-10T15:27:04.220812877Z hello_docker
2021-10-10T15:27:05.223520640Z hello_docker
2021-10-10T15:27:06.226058326Z hello_docker
2021-10-10T15:27:07.229459499Z hello_docker
2021-10-10T15:27:08.232441670Z hello_docker
2021-10-10T15:27:09.235056718Z hello_docker
2021-10-10T15:27:10.238007922Z hello_docker
2021-10-10T15:27:11.240768549Z hello_docker

2.7 docker top 查看容器的进程信息

（1）docker top 容器id 查看容器中的进程信息

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
9f427c9ff601   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   8 minutes ago   Up 8 minutes             nice_almeida
[root@localhost ~]# docker top 9f427c9ff601
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                68199               68179               0                   23:24               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/sh -c while true;do echo hello_docker;sleep 1;done
root                70194               68199               0                   23:32               ?                   00:00:00            /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
[root@localhost ~]#

2.8 docker inspect 查看容器内部信息

（1）docker inspect 容器id 查看容器的内部信息

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
9f427c9ff601   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   11 minutes ago   Up 11 minutes             nice_almeida
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect 9f427c9ff601
[
    {
        "Id": "9f427c9ff601d31891fc947932a4e11f8e8b696dfd4a93dceea5bbfa6f465a33",
        "Created": "2021-10-10T15:24:06.297442771Z",
        "Path": "/bin/sh",
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true;do echo hello_docker;sleep 1;done"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 68199,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-10-10T15:24:06.590095928Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/9f427c9ff601d31891fc947932a4e11f8e8b696dfd4a93dceea5bbfa6f465a33/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/9f427c9ff601d31891fc947932a4e11f8e8b696dfd4a93dceea5bbfa6f465a33/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/9f427c9ff601d31891fc947932a4e11f8e8b696dfd4a93dceea5bbfa6f465a33/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/9f427c9ff601d31891fc947932a4e11f8e8b696dfd4a93dceea5bbfa6f465a33/9f427c9ff601d31891fc947932a4e11f8e8b696dfd4a93dceea5bbfa6f465a33-json.log",
        "Name": "/nice_almeida",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/12f4200467ee3b6ec7fff8878dae6acd648b8967f4b1d32601d4b8adb8549c4c-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/70d40b13bd8c041fcbd2dcffcde4522bc11106bd5e21dc5c647aa94764caa269/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/12f4200467ee3b6ec7fff8878dae6acd648b8967f4b1d32601d4b8adb8549c4c/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/12f4200467ee3b6ec7fff8878dae6acd648b8967f4b1d32601d4b8adb8549c4c/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/12f4200467ee3b6ec7fff8878dae6acd648b8967f4b1d32601d4b8adb8549c4c/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "9f427c9ff601",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "while true;do echo hello_docker;sleep 1;done"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "a86ecda3eaf8cf0aa94ff0c783890015394d6103e3054ac57746c9f08c9eb5d3",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/a86ecda3eaf8",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "7ac083dc3fc1b560462577a3c50c8435a2382afc3f763876b26c9b733a9d021e",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "863db47971b47481718e154eb2b43ab2d76f8e09b32924a48074808084fe9f10",
                    "EndpointID": "7ac083dc3fc1b560462577a3c50c8435a2382afc3f763876b26c9b733a9d021e",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]
[root@localhost ~]#

2.9 进入docker容器的命令

（1）docker exec -it 容器id bash 重新打开一个终端的方式进入docker
如下为进入docker后重新打开一个终端，这种方式可以通过exit方式退出docker

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
9f427c9ff601   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   17 minutes ago   Up 17 minutes             nice_almeida
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it 9f427c9ff601 bash
[root@9f427c9ff601 /]#

（2）docker attach
进入容器中正在运行的终端

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
9f427c9ff601   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   19 minutes ago   Up 19 minutes             nice_almeida
[root@localhost ~]# docker attach 9f427c9ff601
hello_docker
hello_docker
hello_docker
hello_docker
hello_docker
hello_docker
hello_docker
hello_docker
hello_docker
hello_docke

2.10 从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

（1）docker cp 容器id:容器文件路径 本地文件路径

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
d1df9f4c810d   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   16 minutes ago   Up 16 minutes             confident_franklin
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it d1df9f4c810d bash
[root@d1df9f4c810d /]# ls
bin  etc   lib    lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
[root@d1df9f4c810d /]# cd /opt
[root@d1df9f4c810d opt]# ls
[root@d1df9f4c810d opt]# echo 'hello docker' >> test.txt
[root@d1df9f4c810d opt]# ls
test.txt
[root@d1df9f4c810d opt]# exit
exit
[root@localhost ~]# docker cp d1df9f4c810d:/opt/test.txt /opt/test.txt
[root@localhost ~]# cat /opt/test.txt
hello docker
[root@localhost ~]#