Mac下安装LNMP环境 2017年1月11日 星期三
02:43 Mac下搭建lamp开发环境很容易，有xampp和mamp现成的集成环境。但是集成环境对于经常需要自定义一些配置的开发者来说会非常麻烦，而且Mac本身自带apache和php，在brew的帮助下非常容易手动搭建，可控性很高。
brew对于mac，就像apt-get对于ubuntu，安装软件的好帮手，能方便更多…
brew的安装方式如下：
ruby -e “$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/Homebrew/homebrew/go/install)”
之后就可以使用 brew 来安装所需要的依赖了。
brew（意为酿酒）的命名很有意思，全部都使用了酿酒过程中采用的材料/器具，名词对应以下的概念：

• Formula（配方） 程序包定义，本质上是一个rb文件
• Keg（桶）程序包的安装路径
• Cellar（地窖）所有程序包（桶）的根目录
• Tap（水龙头）程序包的源
• Bottle （瓶子）编译打包好的程序包

最终编译安装完毕的程序就是一桶酿造好的酒
更详细的信息参考Homebrew的官方Cookbook
因此使用Homebrew常见的流程是：

1. 增加一个程序源（新增一个水龙头） brew tap homebrew/php
2. 更新程序源 brew update
3. 安装程序包（按照配方酿酒） brew install git
4. 查看配置 brew config 可以看到程序包默认安装在 /usr/local/Cellar 下 （酒桶放在地窖内）

brew常用选项
brew install xxx
brew uninstall xxx
brew list
brew update xxx
还有一个必须要安装的就是os x 自身的命令行开发工具，否则后面的安装也会出问题。
xcode-select —install   # 弹窗提示后，点击“安装”即可
Apache || Nginx
Apache
Apache的话使用mac自带的基本就够了，我的系统是10.9+，可以使用以下命令控制Apache
sudo apachectl start
sudo apachectl restart
sudo apachectl stop
唯一要改的是主目录，mac默认在home下有个sites（站点）目录，访问路径是
http://localhost/~user_name
这样很不适合做开发用，修改/etc/apache2/httpd.conf内容
DocumentRoot “/Users/username/Sites”

       Options Indexes MultiViews
       AllowOverride All
       Order allow,deny
       Allow from all

这样sites目录就是网站根目录了，代码都往这个下头丢
Nginx(推荐)
要使用Nginx也比较方便，首先安装
brew install nginx
Nginx启动关闭命令：
#测试配置是否有语法错误
nginx -t
#打开 nginx （如果想要监听80端口，必须以管理员身份运行）
sudo nginx
#重新加载配置|重启|停止|退出 nginx
nginx -s reload|reopen|stop|quit
#也可以使用Mac的launchctl来启动|停止
launchctl unload ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist
launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist
Nginx开机启动
mkdir -p ~/Library/LaunchAgents
ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/nginx/.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents
Nginx监听80端口需要root权限执行
launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist
sudo chown root:wheel ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist
update:
2015-03-30 :                 
after upgrading from Mavericks to Yosemite I got the following error:
/usr/local/var/run/nginx.pid failed (2 no such file or directory)
                nginx: [emerg] mkdir() “/usr/local/var/run/nginx/client_body_temp” failed (2: No such file or directory)
                
All I needed to do to solve this issue was to create the folder:
mkdir -p /usr/local/var/run/nginx/client_body_temp
                
OK, 升级碰到的问题解决。                
检查是否run起来：
http://localhost:8080   或者   http://localhost:80
配置Nginx
cd /usr/local/etc/nginx/
mkdir conf.d
修改Nginx配置文件
#配置文件地址 /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
vim nginx.conf
主要修改位置是最后的include
worker_processes   1;  
error_log             /usr/local/var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid               /usr/local/var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
       worker_connections   256;
}
http {
       include             mime.types;
       default_type   application/octet-stream;
log_format   main   ‘$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] “$request” ‘
                                           ‘$status $body_bytes_sent “$http_referer” ‘
                                           ‘“$http_user_agent” “$http_x_forwarded_for”‘;
access_log           /usr/local/var/log/nginx/access.log main;
       port_in_redirect off;
       sendfile               on;
       keepalive_timeout   65;
include /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/.conf;
}
修改自定义文件
vim ./conf.d/default.conf
增加一个监听端口
server {
       listen             80;
       server_name   localhost;
root /Users/username/Sites/; # 该项要修改为你准备存放相关网页的路径
location / {
               index index.php;
               autoindex on;
       }    
#proxy the php scripts to php-fpm  
       location ~ .php$ {
               include /usr/local/etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf;
               fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
               fastcgi_pass     127.0.0.1:9000;
       }    
}
这个时候还不能访问php站点，因为还没有开启php-fpm。继续PHP的安装…
PHP在mac下默认安装了，但是不好控制版本，利用brew可以再mac下安装最新版本，甚至是多个版本，我装了php5.5
brew install php55 —without-apache —with-fpm —with-mysql   #for Nginx

brew install php55 #for Apache
PS: 如果在编译过程中出现类似以下问题：
==> ./configure —prefix=/usr/local/Cellar/php55/5.5.32 —localstatedir=/usr/local/var —sysconfdir=

Last 15 lines from /Users/qloog/Library/Logs/Homebrew/php55/01.configure:
checking for Kerberos support… /usr
checking for krb5-config… /usr/bin/krb5-config
checking for DSA_get_default_method in -lssl… no
checking for X509_free in -lcrypto… yes
checking for RAND_egd… no
checking for pkg-config… no
checking for OpenSSL version… >= 0.9.6
checking for CRYPTO_free in -lcrypto… yes
checking for SSL_CTX_set_ssl_version in -lssl… yes
checking for PCRE library to use… bundled
checking whether to enable the SQLite3 extension… yes
checking bundled sqlite3 library… yes
checking for ZLIB support… yes
checking if the location of ZLIB install directory is defined… no
configure: error: Cannot find libz
READ THIS: https://git.io/brew-troubleshooting
If reporting this issue please do so at (not Homebrew/homebrew):
   https://github.com/josegonzalez/homebrew-php/issues
主要是 configure: error: Cannot find libz 错误，执行 xcode-select —install 重新安装一下Xcode Command Line Tools
在GitHub HomeBrew上有关于这个讨论:
For future reference of anybody looking for Command Line Tools with Xcode 5, open up a Terminal window and type    
xcode-select   —install. A window will appear informing you command line tools are required. Click Install and    
you should be good to go
安装成功后提示：
＃To have launchd start php55 at login:
                mkdir -p ~/Library/LaunchAgents
                ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/php55/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents
                
＃Then to load php55 now:
                launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist
等待PHP编译完成，开始安装PHP常用扩展，扩展安装过程中brew会自动安装依赖包，例如php55-pdo-pgsql 会自动装上postgresql,这里我安装以下PHP扩展：
brew install php55-memcache
brew install php55-memcached
brew install php55-redis
brew install php55-mongo
brew install php55-xdebug
brew install php55-mcrypt       #Laravel 框架依赖此扩展
brew install php55-xhprof       #php性能分析工具
brew install php55-gearman
brew install php55-msgpack
brew install php55-phalcon     #一个是C语言写的PHP框架
由于Mac自带了php和php-fpm，因此需要添加系统环境变量PATH来替代自带PHP版本。
echo ‘export PATH=”$(brew —prefix php55)/bin:$PATH”‘ >> ~/.bash_profile   #for php
echo ‘export PATH=”$(brew —prefix php55)/sbin:$PATH”‘ >> ~/.bash_profile   #for php-fpm
echo ‘export PATH=”/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbib:$PATH”‘ >> ~/.bash_profile #for other brew install soft
source ~/.bash_profile

或者

source ~/.zshrc
测试一下效果：
#brew安装的php 他在/usr/local/opt/php55/bin/php
php -v      
HP 5.5.32 (cli) (built: Mar   3 2016 14:07:53)
Copyright (c) 1997-2015 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v2.5.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2015 Zend Technologies
       with Xdebug v2.2.5, Copyright (c) 2002-2014, by Derick Rethans
#Mac自带的PHP
/usr/bin/php -v    
PHP 5.5.30 (cli) (built: Oct 23 2015 17:21:45)
Copyright (c) 1997-2015 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v2.5.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2015 Zend Technologies
#brew安装的php-fpm 他在/usr/local/opt/php55/sbin/php-fpm
php-fpm -v
PHP 5.5.32 (fpm-fcgi) (built: Mar   3 2016 14:07:54)
Copyright (c) 1997-2015 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v2.5.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2015 Zend Technologies
       with Xdebug v2.2.5, Copyright (c) 2002-2014, by Derick Rethans
#Mac自带的php-fpm
/usr/sbin/php-fpm -v
PHP 5.5.30 (fpm-fcgi) (built: Oct 23 2015 17:22:03)
Copyright (c) 1997-2015 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v2.5.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2015 Zend Technologies
修改php-fpm配置文件，vim /usr/local/etc/php/5.5/php-fpm.conf，找到pid相关大概在25行，去掉注释 pid = run/php-fpm.pid, 那么php-fpm的pid文件就会自动产生在 /usr/local/var/run/php-fpm.pid，Nginx pid文件也是放在这里的。
#测试php-fpm配置
php-fpm -t
php-fpm -c /usr/local/etc/php/5.5/php.ini -y /usr/local/etc/php/5.5/php-fpm.conf -t
#启动php-fpm
php-fpm -D
php-fpm -c /usr/local/etc/php/5.5/php.ini -y /usr/local/etc/php/5.5/php-fpm.conf -D
#关闭php-fpm
kill -INT cat /usr/local/var/run/php-fpm.pid
#重启php-fpm
kill -USR2 cat /usr/local/var/run/php-fpm.pid
#也可以用上文提到的brew命令来重启php-fpm，不过他官方不推荐用这个命令了
brew services restart php55
#还可以用这个命令来启动php-fpm
launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist
启动php-fpm之后，确保它正常运行监听9000端口：
lsof -Pni4 | grep LISTEN | grep php
php-fpm     79812 qloog       6u   IPv4 0xcee975aa333a6905           0t0   TCP 127.0.0.1:9000 (LISTEN)
php-fpm     79859 qloog       0u   IPv4 0xcee975aa333a6905           0t0   TCP 127.0.0.1:9000 (LISTEN)
php-fpm     80386 qloog       0u   IPv4 0xcee975aa333a6905           0t0   TCP 127.0.0.1:9000 (LISTEN)
php-fpm     80387 qloog       0u   IPv4 0xcee975aa333a6905           0t0   TCP 127.0.0.1:9000 (LISTEN)
php-fpm     80388 qloog       0u   IPv4 0xcee975aa333a6905           0t0   TCP 127.0.0.1:9000 (LISTEN)
php-fpm     82068 qloog       0u   IPv4 0xcee975aa333a6905           0t0   TCP 127.0.0.1:9000 (LISTEN)

正常情况，会看到上面这些进程
PHP-FPM开机启动：
ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/php55/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents

launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist
如果是apache就用刚刚安装的php代替了系统默认cli的php版本。然后在/etc/apache2/httpd.conf下增加
LoadModule php5_module /usr/local/Cellar/php55/5.5.15/libexec/apache2/libphp5.so
这样就对apache使用的php版本也进行了修改。
MySQL
mac不自带mysql，这里需要重新安装，方法依然很简单
brew install mysql
安装后的提示：
A “/etc/my.cnf” from another install may interfere with a Homebrew-built
server starting up correctly.
To connect:
       mysql -uroot
# 开机登录启动mysql
To have launchd start mysql at login:
       mkdir -p ~/Library/LaunchAgents
       ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/mysql/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents

手动开启mysql

Then to load mysql now:
       launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist

非launchctl开启方式

Or, if you don’t want/need launchctl, you can just run:
       mysql.server start
最好给mysql设个密码，方法如下
mysqladmin -u root password ‘xxx’
如果想修改mysql的配置，在/usr/local/etc下建立一个my.cnf，例如增加log
[mysqld]
general-log
general_log_file = /usr/local/var/log/mysqld.log
检查MySQL运行情况
➜   ~ ps aux | grep mysql
qloog                         488     0.0   0.0   3121804     2712     ??   S       22Feb16     1:25.50 /usr/local/Cellar/mysql/5.6.20/bin/mysqld —basedir=/usr/local/Cellar/mysql/5.6.20 —datadir=/usr/local/var/mysql —plugin-dir=/usr/local/Cellar/mysql/5.6.20/lib/plugin —bind-address=127.0.0.1 —log-error=/usr/local/var/mysql/qloogdeMacBook-Pro.local.err —pid-file=/usr/local/var/mysql/qloogdeMacBook-Pro.local.pid
测试连接MySQL
➜   ~ mysql -uroot -p
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.   Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 43
Server version: 5.6.20 Homebrew
Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;’ or ‘\h’ for help. Type ‘\c’ to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
Memcache
brew install memcached
启动/停止指令
memcached -d
killall memcached
加入开机启动
cp /usr/local/Cellar/memcached/1.4.20/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/
Redis
brew install redis
Redis默认配置文件不允许以Deamon方式运行，因此需要先修改配置文件
vim /usr/local/etc/redis.conf
将daemonize修改为yes，然后载入配置文件即可实现后台进程启动
redis-server /usr/local/etc/redis.conf
加入开机启动
cp /usr/local/Cellar/redis/2.8.19/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/
最后可以对所有服务的启动停止设置别名方便操作
vim ~/.bash_profile (如果是zsh, vim ~/.zshrc)
alias nginx.start=’launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist’
alias nginx.stop=’launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist’
alias nginx.restart=’nginx.stop && nginx.start’
alias php-fpm.start=”launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist”
alias php-fpm.stop=”launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist”
alias php-fpm.restart=’php-fpm.stop && php-fpm.start’
alias mysql.start=”launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist”
alias mysql.stop=”launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist”
alias mysql.restart=’mysql.stop && mysql.start’
alias redis.start=”launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist”
alias redis.stop=”launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist”
alias redis.restart=’redis.stop && redis.start’
alias memcached.start=”launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist”
alias memcached.stop=”launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist”
alias memcached.restart=’memcached.stop && memcached.start’
source ~/.zshrc                
MongoDB
MongoDB可以说是最简单的一个，直接执行
brew install mongodb
成功安装后的提示：
#开机启动
To have launchd start mongodb at login:
       ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/mongodb/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents

立刻运行

Then to load mongodb now:
       launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mongodb.plist

如果不想加入到开机启动，也可以收到运行

Or, if you don’t want/need launchctl, you can just run:
       mongod —config /usr/local/etc/mongod.conf
PHPMyAdmin
phpmyadmin几乎是管理mysql最容易的web应用了吧，每次我都顺道装上。
去官网下载最新的版本 - 解压到~/Sites/phpmyadmin下 - 在phpmyadmin目录下创建一个可写的config目录 - 打开http://localhost/phpmyadmin/setup，安装一个服务，最后保存（这里只需要输入帐号密码就够了） - 将config下生成的config.inc.php移到phpmyadmin根目录下 - 删除config 这样就装好了，虽然可能有点小复杂，但是来一次就习惯了。
这里很可能会遇到2002错误，就是找不到mysql.sock的问题，用下面方法解决
sudo mkdir /var/mysql
sudo ln -s /tmp/mysql.sock /var/mysql/mysql.sock
RockMongo
RockMongo是MongoDB很好用的一个web应用，安装也很容易

• 去官网下载最新版本
• 解压到~/Sites/rockmongo下
• 运行http://localhost/rockmongo即可 完成 这样就在mac下配置好一个php开发环境了，enjoy it!   
  已使用 Microsoft OneNote 2016 创建。