FIDO Registry of Predefined Values
FIDO Alliance Review Draft
- This version:
- https://fidoalliance.org/specs/fido-uaf-v1.1-rd-20160709/fido-registry-v1.1-rd-20160709.html
- Previous version:
- https://fidoalliance.org/specs/fido-uaf-v1.0-ps-20141208/fido-uaf-reg-v1.0-ps-20141208.html
- Editor:
- Rolf Lindemann, Nok Nok Labs, Inc.
- Contributors:
- Davit Baghdasaryan, Nok Nok Labs, Inc.
- Brad Hill, PayPal
Copyright © 2013-2016 FIDO Alliance All Rights Reserved.
Abstract
This document defines all the strings and constants reserved by FIDO protocols. The values defined in this document are referenced by various FIDO specifications.
Status of This Document
This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current FIDO Alliance publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the FIDO Alliance specifications index at https://www.fidoalliance.org/specifications/.
This document was published by the FIDO Alliance as a Review Draft. This document is intended to become a FIDO Alliance Proposed Standard. If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please Contact Us. All comments are welcome.
REVIEW DRAFT
This is a Review Draft Specification and is not intended to be a basis for any implementations as the Specification may change. Permission is hereby granted to use the Specification solely for the purpose of reviewing the Specification. No rights are granted to prepare derivative works of this Specification. Entities seeking permission to reproduce portions of this Specification for other uses must contact the FIDO Alliance to determine whether an appropriate license for such use is available.
Implementation of certain elements of this Specification may require licenses under third party intellectual property rights, including without limitation, patent rights. The FIDO Alliance, Inc. and its Members and any other contributors to the Specification are not, and shall not be held, responsible in any manner for identifying or failing to identify any or all such third party intellectual property rights.
THIS FIDO ALLIANCE SPECIFICATION IS PROVIDED “AS IS” AND WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Table of Contents
1. Notation
Type names, attribute names and element names are written as code
.
String literals are enclosed in “”, e.g. “UAF-TLV”.
In formulas we use “|” to denote byte wise concatenation operations.
FIDO specific terminology used in this document is defined in [FIDOGlossary].
Some entries are marked as "(optional)" in this spec. The meaning of this is defined in other FIDO specifications referring to this document.
1.1 Conformance
As well as sections marked as non-normative, all authoring guidelines, diagrams, examples, and notes in this specification are non-normative. Everything else in this specification is normative.
The key words MUST, MUST NOT, REQUIRED, SHOULD, SHOULD NOT, RECOMMENDED, MAY, and OPTIONAL in this specification are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
2. Overview
This section is non-normative.
This document defines the registry of FIDO-specific constants common to multiple FIDO protocol families. It is expected that, over time, new constants will be added to this registry. For example new authentication algorithms and new types of authenticator characteristics will require new constants to be defined for use within the specifications.
3. Authenticator Characteristics
This section is normative.
3.1 User Verification Methods
The USER_VERIFY
constants are flags in a bitfield represented as a 32 bit long integer. They describe the methods and capabilities of an UAF authenticator for locally verifying a user. The operational details of these methods are opaque to the server. These constants are used in the authoritative metadata for an authenticator, reported and queried through the UAF Discovery APIs, and used to form authenticator policies in UAF protocol messages.
All user verification methods must be performed locally by the authenticator in order to meet FIDO privacy principles.
USER_VERIFY_PRESENCE
0x00000001
- This flag MUST be set if the authenticator is able to confirm user presence in any fashion. If this flag and no other is set for user verification, the guarantee is only that the authenticator cannot be operated without some human intervention, not necessarily that the presence verification provides any level of authentication of the human's identity. (e.g. a device that requires a touch to activate)
USER_VERIFY_FINGERPRINT
0x00000002
- This flag MUST be set if the authenticator uses any type of measurement of a fingerprint for user verification.
USER_VERIFY_PASSCODE
0x00000004
- This flag MUST be set if the authenticator uses a local-only passcode (i.e. a passcode not known by the server) for user verification.
USER_VERIFY_VOICEPRINT
0x00000008
- This flag MUST be set if the authenticator uses a voiceprint (also known as speaker recognition) for user verification.
USER_VERIFY_FACEPRINT
0x00000010
- This flag MUST be set if the authenticator uses any manner of face recognition to verify the user.
USER_VERIFY_LOCATION
0x00000020
- This flag MUST be set if the authenticator uses any form of location sensor or measurement for user verification.
USER_VERIFY_EYEPRINT
0x00000040
- This flag MUST be set if the authenticator uses any form of eye biometrics for user verification.
USER_VERIFY_PATTERN
0x00000080
- This flag MUST be set if the authenticator uses a drawn pattern for user verification.
USER_VERIFY_HANDPRINT
0x00000100
- This flag MUST be set if the authenticator uses any measurement of a full hand (including palm-print, hand geometry or vein geometry) for user verification.
USER_VERIFY_NONE
0x00000200
- This flag MUST be set if the authenticator will respond without any user interaction (e.g. Silent Authenticator).
USER_VERIFY_ALL
0x00000400
- If an authenticator sets multiple flags for user verification types, it MAY also set this flag to indicate that all verification methods will be enforced (e.g. faceprint AND voiceprint). If flags for multiple user verification methods are set and this flag is not set, verification with only one is necessary (e.g. fingerprint OR passcode).
3.2 Key Protection Types
The KEY_PROTECTION
constants are flags in a bit field represented as a 16 bit long integer. They describe the method an authenticator uses to protect the private key material for FIDO registrations. Refer to [UAFAuthnrCommands] for more details on the relevance of keys and key protection. These constants are used in the authoritative metadata for an authenticator, reported and queried through the UAF Discovery APIs, and used to form authenticator policies in UAF protocol messages.
When used in metadata describing an authenticator, several of these flags are exclusive of others (i.e. can not be combined) - the certified metadata may have at most one of the mutually exclusive bits set to 1. When used in authenticator policy, any bit may be set to 1, e.g. to indicate that a server is willing to accept authenticators using either KEY_PROTECTION_SOFTWARE
or KEY_PROTECTION_HARDWARE
.
Note
These flags must be set according to the effective security of the keys, in order to follow the assumptions made in [FIDOSecRef]. For example, if a key is stored in a secure element but software running on the FIDO User Device could call a function in the secure element to export the key either in the clear or using an arbitrary wrapping key, then the effective security is KEY_PROTECTION_SOFTWARE
and not KEY_PROTECTION_SECURE_ELEMENT
.
KEY_PROTECTION_SOFTWARE
0x0001
- This flag MUST be set if the authenticator uses software-based key management. Exclusive in authenticator metadata with
KEY_PROTECTION_HARDWARE
,KEY_PROTECTION_TEE
,KEY_PROTECTION_SECURE_ELEMENT
KEY_PROTECTION_HARDWARE
0x0002
- This flag SHOULD be set if the authenticator uses hardware-based key management. Exclusive in authenticator metadata with
KEY_PROTECTION_SOFTWARE
KEY_PROTECTION_TEE
0x0004
- This flag SHOULD be set if the authenticator uses the Trusted Execution Environment [TEE] for key management. In authenticator metadata, this flag should be set in conjunction with
KEY_PROTECTION_HARDWARE
. Mutually exclusive in authenticator metadata withKEY_PROTECTION_SOFTWARE
,KEY_PROTECTION_SECURE_ELEMENT
KEY_PROTECTION_SECURE_ELEMENT
0x0008
- This flag SHOULD be set if the authenticator uses a Secure Element [SecureElement] for key management. In authenticator metadata, this flag should be set in conjunction with
KEY_PROTECTION_HARDWARE
. Mutually exclusive in authenticator metadata withKEY_PROTECTION_TEE
,KEY_PROTECTION_SOFTWARE
KEY_PROTECTION_REMOTE_HANDLE
0x0010
- This flag MUST be set if the authenticator does not store (wrapped) UAuth keys at the client, but relies on a server-provided key handle. This flag MUST be set in conjunction with one of the other
KEY_PROTECTION
flags to indicate how the local key handle wrapping key and operations are protected. Servers MAY unset this flag in authenticator policy if they are not prepared to store and return key handles, for example, if they have a requirement to respond indistinguishably to authentication attempts against userIDs that do and do not exist. Refer to [UAFProtocol] for more details.
3.3 Matcher Protection Types
The MATCHER_PROTECTION
constants are flags in a bit field represented as a 16 bit long integer. They describe the method an authenticator uses to protect the matcher that performs user verification. These constants are used in the authoritative metadata for an authenticator, reported and queried through the UAF Discovery APIs, and used to form authenticator policies in UAF protocol messages. Refer to [UAFAuthnrCommands] for more details on the matcher component.
Note
These flags must be set according to the effective security of the matcher, in order to follow the assumptions made in [FIDOSecRef]. For example, if a passcode based matcher is implemented in a secure element, but the passcode is expected to be provided as unauthenticated parameter, then the effective security is MATCHER_PROTECTION_SOFTWARE
and not MATCHER_PROTECTION_ON_CHIP
.
MATCHER_PROTECTION_SOFTWARE
0x0001
- This flag MUST be set if the authenticator's matcher is running in software. Exclusive in authenticator metadata with
MATCHER_PROTECTION_TEE
,MATCHER_PROTECTION_ON_CHIP
MATCHER_PROTECTION_TEE
0x0002
- This flag SHOULD be set if the authenticator's matcher is running inside the Trusted Execution Environment [TEE]. Mutually exclusive in authenticator metadata with
MATCHER_PROTECTION_SOFTWARE
,MATCHER_PROTECTION_ON_CHIP
MATCHER_PROTECTION_ON_CHIP
0x0004
- This flag SHOULD be set if the authenticator's matcher is running on the chip. Mutually exclusive in authenticator metadata with
MATCHER_PROTECTION_TEE
,MATCHER_PROTECTION_SOFTWARE
3.4 Authenticator Attachment Hints
The ATTACHMENT_HINT
constants are flags in a bit field represented as a 32 bit long. They describe the method an authenticator uses to communicate with the FIDO User Device. These constants are reported and queried through the UAF Discovery APIs [UAFAppAPIAndTransport], and used to form Authenticator policies in UAF protocol messages. Because the connection state and topology of an authenticator may be transient, these values are only hints that can be used by server-supplied policy to guide the user experience, e.g. to prefer a device that is connected and ready for authenticating or confirming a low-value transaction, rather than one that is more secure but requires more user effort.
Note
These flags are not a mandatory part of authenticator metadata and, when present, only indicate possible states that may be reported during authenticator discovery.
ATTACHMENT_HINT_INTERNAL
0x0001
- This flag MAY be set to indicate that the authenticator is permanently attached to the FIDO User Device. A device such as a smartphone may have authenticator functionality that is able to be used both locally and remotely. In such a case, the FIDO client MUST filter and exclusively report only the relevant bit during Discovery and when performing policy matching.
This flag cannot be combined with any other ATTACHMENT_HINT
flags.
ATTACHMENT_HINT_EXTERNAL
0x0002
This flag MAY be set to indicate, for a hardware-based authenticator, that it is removable or remote from the FIDO User Device. A device such as a smartphone may have authenticator functionality that is able to be used both locally and remotely. In such a case, the FIDO UAF Client MUST filter and exclusively report only the relevant bit during discovery and when performing policy matching.
ATTACHMENT_HINT_WIRED
0x0004
- This flag MAY be set to indicate that an external authenticator currently has an exclusive wired connection, e.g. through USB, Firewire or similar, to the FIDO User Device.
ATTACHMENT_HINT_WIRELESS
0x0008
- This flag MAY be set to indicate that an external authenticator communicates with the FIDO User Device through a personal area or otherwise non-routed wireless protocol, such as Bluetooth or NFC.
ATTACHMENT_HINT_NFC
0x0010
- This flag MAY be set to indicate that an external authenticator is able to communicate by NFC to the FIDO User Device. As part of authenticator metadata, or when reporting characteristics through discovery, if this flag is set, the
ATTACHMENT_HINT_WIRELESS
flag SHOULD also be set as well. ATTACHMENT_HINT_BLUETOOTH
0x0020
- This flag MAY be set to indicate that an external authenticator is able to communicate using Bluetooth with the FIDO User Device. As part of authenticator metadata, or when reporting characteristics through discovery, if this flag is set, the
ATTACHMENT_HINT_WIRELESS
flag SHOULD also be set. ATTACHMENT_HINT_NETWORK
0x0040
- This flag MAY be set to indicate that the authenticator is connected to the FIDO User Device over a non-exclusive network (e.g. over a TCP/IP LAN or WAN, as opposed to a PAN or point-to-point connection).
ATTACHMENT_HINT_READY
0x0080
- This flag MAY be set to indicate that an external authenticator is in a "ready" state. This flag is set by the ASM at its discretion.
Note
Generally this should indicate that the device is immediately available to perform user verification without additional actions such as connecting the device or creating a new biometric profile enrollment, but the exact meaning may vary for different types of devices. For example, a USB authenticator may only report itself as ready when it is plugged in, or a Bluetooth authenticator when it is paired and connected, but an NFC-based authenticator may always report itself as ready.
ATTACHMENT_HINT_WIFI_DIRECT
0x0100
- This flag MAY be set to indicate that an external authenticator is able to communicate using WiFi Direct with the FIDO User Device. As part of authenticator metadata and when reporting characteristics through discovery, if this flag is set, the
ATTACHMENT_HINT_WIRELESS
flag SHOULD also be set.
3.5 Transaction Confirmation Display Types
The TRANSACTION_CONFIRMATION_DISPLAY
constants are flags in a bit field represented as a 16 bit long integer. They describe the availability and implementation of a transaction confirmation display capability required for the transaction confirmation operation. These constants are used in the authoritative metadata for an authenticator, reported and queried through the UAF Discovery APIs, and used to form authenticator policies in UAF protocol messages. Refer to [UAFAuthnrCommands] for more details on the security aspects of TransactionConfirmation Display.
TRANSACTION_CONFIRMATION_DISPLAY_ANY
0x0001
- This flag MUST be set to indicate that a transaction confirmation display, of any type, is available on this authenticator. Other
TRANSACTION_CONFIRMATION_DISPLAY
flags MAY also be set if this flag is set. If the authenticator does not support a transaction confirmation display, then the value ofTRANSACTION_CONFIRMATION_DISPLAY
MUST be set to 0. TRANSACTION_CONFIRMATION_DISPLAY_PRIVILEGED_SOFTWARE
0x0002
- This flag MUST be set to indicate, that a software-based transaction confirmation display operating in a privileged context is available on this authenticator.
A FIDO client that is capable of providing this capability MAY set this bit (in conjunction with
TRANSACTION_CONFIRMATION_DISPLAY_ANY
) for all authenticators of typeATTACHMENT_HINT_INTERNAL
, even if the authoritative metadata for the authenticator does not indicate this capability.
Note
Software based transaction confirmation displays might be implemented within the boundaries of the ASM rather than by the authenticator itself [UAFASM].
This flag is mutually exclusive with TRANSACTION_CONFIRMATION_DISPLAY_TEE
and TRANSACTION_CONFIRMATION_DISPLAY_HARDWARE
.
TRANSACTION_CONFIRMATION_DISPLAY_TEE
0x0004
- This flag SHOULD be set to indicate that the authenticator implements a transaction confirmation display in a Trusted Execution Environment ([TEE], [TEESecureDisplay]). This flag is mutually exclusive with
TRANSACTION_CONFIRMATION_DISPLAY_PRIVILEGED_SOFTWARE
andTRANSACTION_CONFIRMATION_DISPLAY_HARDWARE
. TRANSACTION_CONFIRMATION_DISPLAY_HARDWARE
0x0008
- This flag SHOULD be set to indicate that a transaction confirmation display based on hardware assisted capabilities is available on this authenticator. This flag is mutually exclusive with
TRANSACTION_CONFIRMATION_DISPLAY_PRIVILEGED_SOFTWARE
andTRANSACTION_CONFIRMATION_DISPLAY_TEE
. TRANSACTION_CONFIRMATION_DISPLAY_REMOTE
0x0010
- This flag SHOULD be set to indicate that the transaction confirmation display is provided on a distinct device from the FIDO User Device. This flag can be combined with any other flag.
3.6 Tags used for crypto algorithms and types
These tags indicate the specific authentication algorithms, public key formats and other crypto relevant data.
3.6.1 Authentication Algorithms
The ALG_SIGN
constants are 16 bit long integers indicating the specific signature algorithm and encoding.
Note
FIDO UAF supports RAW and DER signature encodings in order to allow small footprint authenticator implementations.
ALG_SIGN_SECP256R1_ECDSA_SHA256_RAW
0x0001
An ECDSA signature on the NIST secp256r1 curve which MUST have raw R and S buffers, encoded in big-endian order. I.e.
[R (32 bytes), S (32 bytes)]
This algorithm is suitable for authenticators using the following key representation formats:
- ALG_KEY_ECC_X962_RAW
- ALG_KEY_ECC_X962_DER
ALG_SIGN_SECP256R1_ECDSA_SHA256_DER
0x0002
DER [ITU-X690-2008] encoded ECDSA signature [RFC5480] on the NIST secp256r1 curve. I.e. a DER encoded
SEQUENCE { r INTEGER, s INTEGER }
This algorithm is suitable for authenticators using the following key representation formats:
- ALG_KEY_ECC_X962_RAW
- ALG_KEY_ECC_X962_DER
ALG_SIGN_RSASSA_PSS_SHA256_RAW
0x0003
RSASSA-PSS [RFC3447] signature MUST have raw S buffers, encoded in big-endian order [RFC4055] [RFC4056]. The default parameters as specified in [RFC4055] MUST be assumed, i.e.
- Mask Generation Algorithm MGF1 with SHA256
- Salt Length of 32 bytes, i.e. the length of a SHA256 hash value.
- Trailer Field value of 1, which represents the trailer field with hexadecimal value
0xBC
.
I.e.[ S (256 bytes) ]
This algorithm is suitable for authenticators using the following key representation formats:
- ALG_KEY_RSA_2048_RAW
- ALG_KEY_RSA_2048_DER
ALG_SIGN_RSASSA_PSS_SHA256_DER
0x0004
DER [ITU-X690-2008] encoded OCTET STRING (not BIT STRING!) containing the RSASSA-PSS [RFC3447] signature [RFC4055] [RFC4056]. The default parameters as specified in [RFC4055] MUST be assumed, i.e.
- Mask Generation Algorithm MGF1 with SHA256
- Salt Length of 32 bytes, i.e. the length of a SHA256 hash value.
- Trailer Field value of 1, which represents the trailer field with hexadecimal value
0xBC
.
I.e. a DER encodedOCTET STRING
(including its tag and length bytes).
This algorithm is suitable for authenticators using the following key representation formats:
- ALG_KEY_RSA_2048_RAW
- ALG_KEY_RSA_2048_DER
ALG_SIGN_SECP256K1_ECDSA_SHA256_RAW
0x0005
An ECDSA signature on the secp256k1 curve which MUST have raw R and S buffers, encoded in big-endian order. I.e.
[R (32 bytes), S (32 bytes)]
This algorithm is suitable for authenticators using the following key representation formats:
- ALG_KEY_ECC_X962_RAW
- ALG_KEY_ECC_X962_DER
ALG_SIGN_SECP256K1_ECDSA_SHA256_DER
0x0006
DER [ITU-X690-2008] encoded ECDSA signature [RFC5480] on the secp256k1 curve. I.e. a DER encoded
SEQUENCE { r INTEGER, s INTEGER }
This algorithm is suitable for authenticators using the following key representation formats:
- ALG_KEY_ECC_X962_RAW
- ALG_KEY_ECC_X962_DER
ALG_SIGN_SM2_SM3_RAW
0x0007
(optional)Chinese SM2 elliptic curve based signature algorithm combined with SM3 hash algorithm [OSCCA-SM2][OSCCA-SM3]. We use the 256bit curve [OSCCA-SM2-curve-param]. This algorithm is suitable for authenticators using the following key representation format: ALG_KEY_ECC_X962_RAW.
ALG_SIGN_RSA_EMSA_PKCS1_SHA256_RAW
0x0008
This is the EMSA-PKCS1-v1_5 signature as defined in [RFC3447]. This means that the encoded message EM will be the input to the cryptographic signing algorithm RSASP1 as defined in [RFC3447]. The result s of RSASP1 is then encoded using function I2OSP to produce the raw signature octets.
EM = 0x00 | 0x01 | PS | 0x00 | T
- with the padding string PS with length=emLen - tLen - 3 octets having the value 0xff for each octet, e.g.
(0x) ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
with the DER [ITU-X690-2008] encoded DigestInfo value T:
(0x)30 31 30 0d 06 09 60 86 48 01 65 03 04 02 01 05 00 04 20 | H
, where H denotes the bytes of the SHA256 hash value.
This algorithm is suitable for authenticators using the following key representation formats:ALG_KEY_RSA_2048_RAW
- ALG_KEY_RSA_2048_DER
Note
Implementers should verify that their implementation of the PKCS#1 V1.5 signature follows the recommendations in [RFC3218] to protect against adaptive chosen-ciphertext attacks such as Bleichenbacher.
ALG_SIGN_RSA_EMSA_PKCS1_SHA256_DER
0x0009
DER [ITU-X690-2008] encoded OCTET STRING (not BIT STRING!) containing the EMSA-PKCS1-v1_5 signature as defined in [RFC3447]. This means that the encoded message EM will be the input to the cryptographic signing algorithm RSASP1 as defined in [RFC3447]. The result s of RSASP1 is then encoded using function I2OSP to produce the raw signature. The raw signature is DER [ITU-X690-2008] encoded as an OCTET STRING to produce the final signature octets.
EM = 0x00 | 0x01 | PS | 0x00 | T
- with the padding string PS with length=emLen - tLen - 3 octets having the value 0xff for each octet, e.g.
(0x) ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
with the DER encoded DigestInfo value T:
(0x)30 31 30 0d 06 09 60 86 48 01 65 03 04 02 01 05 00
04 20 | H</code>, where H denotes the bytes of the SHA256 hash value.
This algorithm is suitable for authenticators using the following key representation formats:
ALG_KEY_RSA_2048_RAW
ALG_KEY_RSA_2048_DER
Note
Implementers should verify that their implementation of the PKCS#1 V1.5 signature follows the recommendations in [RFC3218] to protect against adaptive chosen-ciphertext attacks such as Bleichenbacher.
3.6.2 Public Key Representation Formats
The ALG_KEY
constants are 16 bit long integers indicating the specific Public Key algorithm and encoding.
Note
FIDO UAF supports RAW and DER encodings in order to allow small footprint authenticator implementations. By definition, the authenticator must encode the public key as part of the registration assertion.
ALG_KEY_ECC_X962_RAW
0x0100
Raw ANSI X9.62 formatted Elliptic Curve public key [SEC1].
I.e. [0x04, X (32 bytes), Y (32 bytes)]
. Where the byte 0x04
denotes the uncompressed point compression method.
ALG_KEY_ECC_X962_DER
0x0101
- DER [ITU-X690-2008] encoded ANSI X.9.62 formatted
SubjectPublicKeyInfo
[RFC5480] specifying an elliptic curve public key.
I.e. a DER encoded SubjectPublicKeyInfo
as defined in [RFC5480].
Authenticator implementations MUST generate namedCurve
in the ECParameters
object which is included in the AlgorithmIdentifier
. A FIDO UAF Server MUST accept namedCurve
in the ECParameters
object which is included in the AlgorithmIdentifier
.
ALG_KEY_RSA_2048_RAW
0x0102
- Raw encoded 2048-bit RSA public key [RFC3447].
That is,
[n (256 bytes), e (N-256 bytes)]
. Where N
is the total length of the field.
This total length should be taken from the object containing this key, e.g. the TLV encoded field.
ALG_KEY_RSA_2048_DER
0x0103
- ASN.1 DER [ITU-X690-2008] encoded 2048-bit RSA [RFC3447] public key [RFC4055].
That is a DER encoded
SEQUENCE { n INTEGER, e INTEGER }
.
A. References
A.1 Normative references
- [FIDOGlossary]
- R. Lindemann, D. Baghdasaryan, B. Hill, J. Hodges, FIDO Technical Glossary. FIDO Alliance Proposed Standard. URLs:
HTML: fido-glossary-v1.1-rd-20160709.html
PDF: fido-glossary-v1.1-rd-20160709.pdf
- [ITU-X690-2008]
- X.690: Information technology - ASN.1 encoding rules: Specification of Basic Encoding Rules (BER), Canonical Encoding Rules (CER) and Distinguished Encoding Rules (DER), (T-REC-X.690-200811). International Telecommunications Union, November 2008 URL: http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-X.690-200811-I/en
- [OSCCA-SM2]
- SM2: Public Key Cryptographic Algorithm SM2 Based on Elliptic Curves: Part 1: General. December 2010. URL: http://www.oscca.gov.cn/UpFile/2010122214822692.pdf
- [OSCCA-SM2-curve-param]
- SM2: Elliptic Curve Public-Key Cryptography Algorithm: Recommended Curve Parameters. December 2010. URL: http://www.oscca.gov.cn/UpFile/2010122214836668.pdf
- [OSCCA-SM3]
- SM3 Cryptographic Hash Algorithm. December 2010. URL: http://www.oscca.gov.cn/UpFile/20101222141857786.pdf
- [RFC2119]
- S. Bradner. Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels. March 1997. Best Current Practice. URL: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119
- [RFC3447]
- J. Jonsson; B. Kaliski. Public-Key Cryptography Standards (PKCS) #1: RSA Cryptography Specifications Version 2.1. February 2003. Informational. URL: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447
- [RFC4055]
- J. Schaad; B. Kaliski; R. Housley. Additional Algorithms and Identifiers for RSA Cryptography for use in the Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile. June 2005. Proposed Standard. URL: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4055
- [RFC4056]
- J. Schaad. Use of the RSASSA-PSS Signature Algorithm in Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS). June 2005. Proposed Standard. URL: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4056
- [RFC5480]
- S. Turner; D. Brown; K. Yiu; R. Housley; T. Polk. Elliptic Curve Cryptography Subject Public Key Information. March 2009. Proposed Standard. URL: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5480
- [SEC1]
- Standards for Efficient Cryptography Group (SECG), SEC1: Elliptic Curve Cryptography, Version 2.0, September 2000.
A.2 Informative references
- [FIDOSecRef]
- R. Lindemann, D. Baghdasaryan, B. Hill, FIDO Security Reference. FIDO Alliance Proposed Standard. URLs:
HTML: fido-security-ref-v1.1-rd-20160709.html
PDF: fido-security-ref-v1.1-rd-20160709.pdf
- [RFC3218]
- E. Rescorla. Preventing the Million Message Attack on Cryptographic Message Syntax. January 2002. Informational. URL: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3218
- [SecureElement]
- GlobalPlatform Card Specifications GlobalPlatform. Accessed March 2014. URL: https://www.globalplatform.org/specifications.asp
- [TEE]
- GlobalPlatform Trusted Execution Environment Specifications GlobalPlatform. Accessed March 2014. URL: https://www.globalplatform.org/specifications.asp
- [TEESecureDisplay]
- GlobalPlatform Trusted User Interface API Specifications GlobalPlatform. Accessed March 2014. URL: https://www.globalplatform.org/specifications.asp
- [UAFASM]
- D. Baghdasaryan, J. Kemp, R. Lindemann, B. Hill, R. Sasson, FIDO UAF Authenticator-Specific Module API. FIDO Alliance Proposed Standard. URLs:
HTML: fido-uaf-asm-api-v1.1-rd-20160709.html
PDF: fido-uaf-asm-api-v1.1-rd-20160709.pdf
- [UAFAppAPIAndTransport]
- B. Hill, D. Baghdasaryan, B. Blanke, FIDO UAF Application API and Transport Binding Specification. FIDO Alliance Proposed Standard. URLs:
HTML: fido-uaf-client-api-transport-v1.1-rd-20160709.html
PDF: fido-uaf-client-api-transport-v1.1-rd-20160709.pdf
- [UAFAuthnrCommands]
- D. Baghdasaryan, J. Kemp, R. Lindemann, R. Sasson, B. Hill, FIDO UAF Authenticator Commands v1.0. FIDO Alliance Proposed Standard. URLs:
HTML: fido-uaf-authnr-cmds-v1.1-rd-20160709.html
PDF: fido-uaf-authnr-cmds-v1.1-rd-20160709.pdf
- [UAFProtocol]
- R. Lindemann, D. Baghdasaryan, E. Tiffany, D. Balfanz, B. Hill, J. Hodges, FIDO UAF Protocol Specification v1.0. FIDO Alliance Proposed Standard. URLs: