一、Docker的基础用法
Docker镜像首页，包括官方镜像和其它公开镜像
因为国情的原因，国内下载 Docker HUB 官方的相关镜像比较慢，可以使用 docker.cn 镜像，镜像保持和官方一致，关键是速度块，推荐使用。
3.1 Search images
$ sudo docker search ubuntu
3.2 Pull images
$ sudo docker pull ubuntu # 获取 ubuntu 官方镜像 $ sudo docker images # 查看当前镜像列表
3.3 Running an interactive shell
$ sudo docker run -i -t ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash
- docker run - 运行一个容器
- -t - 分配一个（伪）tty (link is external)
- -i - 交互模式 (so we can interact with it)
- ubuntu:14.04 - 使用 ubuntu 基础镜像 14.04
- /bin/bash - 运行命令 bash shell
注: ubuntu 会有多个版本，通过指定 tag 来启动特定的版本 [image]:[tag]
$ sudo docker ps # 查看当前运行的容器, ps -a 列出当前系统所有的容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES6c9129e9df10 ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes cranky_babbage
3.4 相关快捷键
- 退出：Ctrl-Dorexit
- detach：Ctrl-P + Ctrl-Q
- attach:docker attach CONTAINER-ID
二、Docker 命令帮助
4.1 docker help
docker command
$ sudo docker # docker 命令帮助Commands:attach Attach to a running container # 当前 shell 下 attach 连接指定运行镜像build Build an image from a Dockerfile # 通过 Dockerfile 定制镜像commit Create a new image from a container's changes # 提交当前容器为新的镜像cp Copy files/folders from the containers filesystem to the host path# 从容器中拷贝指定文件或者目录到宿主机中create Create a new container # 创建一个新的容器，同 run，但不启动容器diff Inspect changes on a container's filesystem # 查看 docker 容器变化events Get real time events from the server # 从 docker 服务获取容器实时事件exec Run a command in an existing container # 在已存在的容器上运行命令export Stream the contents of a container as a tar archive# 导出容器的内容流作为一个 tar 归档文件[对应 import ]history Show the history of an image # 展示一个镜像形成历史images List images # 列出系统当前镜像import Create a new filesystem image from the contents of a tarball# 从tar包中的内容创建一个新的文件系统映像[对应 export]info Display system-wide information # 显示系统相关信息inspect Return low-level information on a container # 查看容器详细信息kill Kill a running container # kill 指定 docker 容器load Load an image from a tar archive # 从一个 tar 包中加载一个镜像[对应 save]login Register or Login to the docker registry server# 注册或者登陆一个 docker 源服务器logout Log out from a Docker registry server # 从当前 Docker registry 退出logs Fetch the logs of a container # 输出当前容器日志信息port Lookup the public-facing port which is NAT-ed to PRIVATE_PORT# 查看映射端口对应的容器内部源端口pause Pause all processes within a container # 暂停容器ps List containers # 列出容器列表pull Pull an image or a repository from the docker registry server# 从docker镜像源服务器拉取指定镜像或者库镜像push Push an image or a repository to the docker registry server# 推送指定镜像或者库镜像至docker源服务器restart Restart a running container # 重启运行的容器rm Remove one or more containers # 移除一个或者多个容器rmi Remove one or more images# 移除一个或多个镜像[无容器使用该镜像才可删除，否则需删除相关容器才可继续或 -f 强制删除]run Run a command in a new container# 创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令save Save an image to a tar archive # 保存一个镜像为一个 tar 包[对应 load]search Search for an image on the Docker Hub # 在 docker hub 中搜索镜像start Start a stopped containers # 启动容器stop Stop a running containers # 停止容器tag Tag an image into a repository # 给源中镜像打标签top Lookup the running processes of a container # 查看容器中运行的进程信息unpause Unpause a paused container # 取消暂停容器version Show the docker version information # 查看 docker 版本号wait Block until a container stops, then print its exit code# 截取容器停止时的退出状态值Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
docker option
Usage of docker: --api-enable-cors=false Enable CORS headers in the remote API # 远程 API 中开启 CORS 头 -b, --bridge="" Attach containers to a pre-existing network bridge # 桥接网络 use 'none' to disable container networking --bip="" Use this CIDR notation address for the network bridge's IP, not compatible with -b # 和 -b 选项不兼容，具体没有测试过 -d, --daemon=false Enable daemon mode # daemon 模式 -D, --debug=false Enable debug mode # debug 模式 --dns=[] Force docker to use specific DNS servers # 强制 docker 使用指定 dns 服务器 --dns-search=[] Force Docker to use specific DNS search domains # 强制 docker 使用指定 dns 搜索域 -e, --exec-driver="native" Force the docker runtime to use a specific exec driver # 强制 docker 运行时使用指定执行驱动器 --fixed-cidr="" IPv4 subnet for fixed IPs (ex: 10.20.0.0/16) this subnet must be nested in the bridge subnet (which is defined by -b or --bip) -G, --group="docker" Group to assign the unix socket specified by -H when running in daemon mode use '' (the empty string) to disable setting of a group -g, --graph="/var/lib/docker" Path to use as the root of the docker runtime # 容器运行的根目录路径 -H, --host=[] The socket(s) to bind to in daemon mode # daemon 模式下 docker 指定绑定方式[tcp or 本地 socket] specified using one or more tcp://host:port, unix:///path/to/socket, fd://* or fd://socketfd. --icc=true Enable inter-container communication # 跨容器通信 --insecure-registry=[] Enable insecure communication with specified registries (no certificate verification for HTTPS and enable HTTP fallback) (e.g., localhost:5000 or 10.20.0.0/16) --ip="0.0.0.0" Default IP address to use when binding container ports # 指定监听地址，默认所有 ip --ip-forward=true Enable net.ipv4.ip_forward # 开启转发 --ip-masq=true Enable IP masquerading for bridge's IP range --iptables=true Enable Docker's addition of iptables rules # 添加对应 iptables 规则 --mtu=0 Set the containers network MTU # 设置网络 mtu if no value is provided: default to the default route MTU or 1500 if no default route is available -p, --pidfile="/var/run/docker.pid" Path to use for daemon PID file # 指定 pid 文件位置 --registry-mirror=[] Specify a preferred Docker registry mirror -s, --storage-driver="" Force the docker runtime to use a specific storage driver # 强制 docker 运行时使用指定存储驱动 --selinux-enabled=false Enable selinux support # 开启 selinux 支持 --storage-opt=[] Set storage driver options # 设置存储驱动选项 --tls=false Use TLS; implied by tls-verify flags # 开启 tls --tlscacert="/root/.docker/ca.pem" Trust only remotes providing a certificate signed by the CA given here --tlscert="/root/.docker/cert.pem" Path to TLS certificate file # tls 证书文件位置 --tlskey="/root/.docker/key.pem" Path to TLS key file # tls key 文件位置 --tlsverify=false Use TLS and verify the remote (daemon: verify client, client: verify daemon) # 使用 tls 并确认远程控制主机 -v, --version=false Print version information and quit # 输出 docker 版本信息4.2 docker search
示例：$ sudo docker search --help Usage: docker search TERM Search the Docker Hub for images # 从 Docker Hub 搜索镜像 --automated=false Only show automated builds --no-trunc=false Don't truncate output -s, --stars=0 Only displays with at least xxx stars$ sudo docker search -s 100 ubuntu # 查找 star 数至少为 100 的镜像，找出只有官方镜像 start 数超过 100，默认不加 s 选项找出所有相关 ubuntu 镜像 NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED ubuntu Official Ubuntu base image 425 [OK]4.3 docker info
$ sudo docker info Containers: 1 # 容器个数 Images: 22 # 镜像个数 Storage Driver: devicemapper # 存储驱动 Pool Name: docker-8:17-3221225728-pool Pool Blocksize: 65.54 kB Data file: /data/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/data Metadata file: /data/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/metadata Data Space Used: 1.83 GB Data Space Total: 107.4 GB Metadata Space Used: 2.191 MB Metadata Space Total: 2.147 GB Library Version: 1.02.84-RHEL7 (2014-03-26) Execution Driver: native-0.2 # 存储驱动 Kernel Version: 3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64 Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)4.4 docker pull && docker push
示例：$ sudo docker pull --help # pull 拉取镜像 Usage: docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG] Pull an image or a repository from the registry -a, --all-tags=false Download all tagged images in the repository $ sudo docker push # push 推送指定镜像 Usage: docker push NAME[:TAG] Push an image or a repository to the registry
$ sudo docker pull ubuntu # 下载官方 ubuntu docker 镜像，默认下载所有 ubuntu 官方库镜像 $ sudo docker pull ubuntu:14.04 # 下载指定版本 ubuntu 官方镜像
$ sudo docker push 192.168.0.100:5000/ubuntu # 推送镜像库到私有源[可注册 docker 官方账户，推送到官方自有账户] $ sudo docker push 192.168.0.100:5000/ubuntu:14.04 # 推送指定镜像到私有源4.5 docker images
列出当前系统镜像
$ sudo docker images —help
Usage: docker images [OPTIONS] [NAME] List images
-a, —all=false Show all images (by default filter out the intermediate image layers) # -a 显示当前系统的所有镜像，包括过渡层镜像，默认 docker images 显示最终镜像，不包括过渡层镜像 -f, —filter=[] Provide filter values (i.e. ‘dangling=true’) —no-trunc=false Don’t truncate output
-q, —quiet=false Only show numeric IDs
示例：
$ sudo docker images # 显示当前系统镜像，不包括过渡层镜像 $ sudo docker images -a # 显示当前系统所有镜像，包括过渡层镜像 $ sudo docker images ubuntu # 显示当前系统 docker ubuntu 库中的所有镜像 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
ubuntu 12.04 ebe4be4dd427 4 weeks ago 210.6 MB
ubuntu 14.04 e54ca5efa2e9 4 weeks ago 276.5 MB
ubuntu 14.04-ssh 6334d3ac099a 7 weeks ago 383.2 MB4.6 docker rmi
删除一个或者多个镜像$ sudo docker rmi --help Usage: docker rmi IMAGE [IMAGE...] Remove one or more images -f, --force=false Force removal of the image # 强制移除镜像不管是否有容器使用该镜像 --no-prune=false Do not delete untagged parents # 不要删除未标记的父镜像4.7 docker run
示例：$ sudo docker run --help Usage: docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...] Run a command in a new container -a, --attach=[] Attach to stdin, stdout or stderr. -c, --cpu-shares=0 CPU shares (relative weight) # 设置 cpu 使用权重 --cap-add=[] Add Linux capabilities --cap-drop=[] Drop Linux capabilities --cidfile="" Write the container ID to the file # 把容器 id 写入到指定文件 --cpuset="" CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1) # cpu 绑定 -d, --detach=false Detached mode: Run container in the background, print new container id # 后台运行容器 --device=[] Add a host device to the container (e.g. --device=/dev/sdc:/dev/xvdc) --dns=[] Set custom dns servers # 设置 dns --dns-search=[] Set custom dns search domains # 设置 dns 域搜索 -e, --env=[] Set environment variables # 定义环境变量 --entrypoint="" Overwrite the default entrypoint of the image # ？ --env-file=[] Read in a line delimited file of ENV variables # 从指定文件读取变量值 --expose=[] Expose a port from the container without publishing it to your host # 指定对外提供服务端口 -h, --hostname="" Container host name # 设置容器主机名 -i, --interactive=false Keep stdin open even if not attached # 保持标准输出开启即使没有 attached --link=[] Add link to another container (name:alias) # 添加链接到另外一个容器 --lxc-conf=[] (lxc exec-driver only) Add custom lxc options --lxc-conf="lxc.cgroup.cpuset.cpus = 0,1" -m, --memory="" Memory limit (format: <number><optional unit>, where unit = b, k, m or g) # 内存限制 --name="" Assign a name to the container # 设置容器名 --net="bridge" Set the Network mode for the container # 设置容器网络模式 'bridge': creates a new network stack for the container on the docker bridge 'none': no networking for this container 'container:<name|id>': reuses another container network stack 'host': use the host network stack inside the container. Note: the host mode gives the container full access to local system services such as D-bus and is therefore considered insecure. -P, --publish-all=false Publish all exposed ports to the host interfaces # 自动映射容器对外提供服务的端口 -p, --publish=[] Publish a container's port to the host # 指定端口映射 format: ip:hostPort:containerPort | ip::containerPort | hostPort:containerPort (use 'docker port' to see the actual mapping) --privileged=false Give extended privileges to this container # 提供更多的权限给容器 --restart="" Restart policy to apply when a container exits (no, on-failure[:max-retry], always) --rm=false Automatically remove the container when it exits (incompatible with -d) # 如果容器退出自动移除和 -d 选项冲突 --security-opt=[] Security Options --sig-proxy=true Proxify received signals to the process (even in non-tty mode). SIGCHLD is not proxied. -t, --tty=false Allocate a pseudo-tty # 分配伪终端 -u, --user="" Username or UID # 指定运行容器的用户 uid 或者用户名 -v, --volume=[] Bind mount a volume (e.g., from the host: -v /host:/container, from docker: -v /container) # 挂载卷 --volumes-from=[] Mount volumes from the specified container(s) # 从指定容器挂载卷 -w, --workdir="" Working directory inside the container # 指定容器工作目录
关于cpu优先级: ```shell By default all groups have 1024 shares. A group with 100 shares will get a ~10% portion of the CPU time - archlinux cgroups$ sudo docker images ubuntu REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE ubuntu 14.04 e54ca5efa2e9 4 weeks ago 276.5 MB ... ... $ sudo docker run -t -i -c 100 -m 512MB -h test1 -d --name="docker_test1" ubuntu /bin/bash # 创建一个 cpu 优先级为 100，内存限制 512MB，主机名为 test1，名为 docker_test1 后台运行 bash 的容器 a424ca613c9f2247cd3ede95adfbaf8d28400cbcb1d5f9b69a7b56f97b2b52e5 $ sudo docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES a424ca613c9f ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash 6 seconds ago Up 5 seconds docker_test1 $ sudo docker attach docker_test1 root@test1:/# pwd / root@test1:/# exit exit
4.8 docker start|stop|kill… …
dockerstart|stop|kill|restart|pause|unpause|rm|commit|inspect|logs
- docker start CONTAINER [CONTAINER…]
- docker stop CONTAINER [CONTAINER…]
- docker kill [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER…]
- docker restart [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER…]
- docker pause CONTAINER
- docker unpause CONTAINER
- docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER…]
- docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
提交指定容器为镜像
- -a, —author=”” Author (e.g., “John Hannibal Smith hannibal@a-team.com“)
- -m, —message=”” Commit message
- -p, —pause=true Pause container during commit
- docker inspect CONTAINER|IMAGE [CONTAINER|IMAGE…]
- docker logs CONTAINER
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