ArrayList
ArrayList底层内存结构
ArrayList的扩容机制
深、浅拷贝
一些关键概念
标记接口:解析到标记接口,做一些处理
RandomAccess:表明该类支持随机访问(下标访问,就是告诉别人你底层用的是数组)
Cloneable:表明该类支持克隆(深拷贝,浅拷贝)
/*JDK1.7字符串常量池是在堆(常量池)中的JDK1.8做了优化,出现一个新概念:元空间(又叫非堆),元空间并不在虚拟机中,而是使用本地内存(可调节)*/String aa=new String("aa");String bb="a"+"a";System.out.println(aa==bb);//false 指针相同,但是不相等System.out.println(aa.hashCode());System.out.println(bb.hashCode());System.out.println(aa.equals(bb));//trueString t1="123"+"4";String t2="1234";System.out.println(t1==t2);//true String拼接是相同的System.out.println(("123"+"4").hashCode());System.out.println("1234".hashCode());System.out.println(t1.equals(t2));String r1=new String("123"+"4");String r2=new String("1234");System.out.println(r1==r2);//falseSystem.out.println(r1.hashCode());System.out.println(r2.hashCode());System.out.println(r1.equals(r2));//true
Serializable:序列化
public class Demo02 implements Serializable, Cloneable {private int id=11;private String name="1231321";private Demo01 demo01=new Demo01();//省略set/get@Overrideprotected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {//第一种方式(比较死板)Object obj = null;obj = super.clone();Demo02 demo02 = (Demo02) obj;//对引用类型的单独处理demo02.demo01 = (Demo01) demo01.clone();return obj;}/*** <p>使用IO的方式克隆</p>** @return*/public Object deepProtoCloneByIO() {//创建流对象ByteArrayInputStream bis = null;ByteArrayOutputStream bos = null;ObjectInputStream ois = null;ObjectOutputStream oos = null;try {//序列化bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bos);oos.writeObject(this);//当前这个对象以对象流的方式输出//反序列化bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(bos.toByteArray());ois = new ObjectInputStream(bis);Demo02 o = (Demo02) ois.readObject();return o;} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}return null;}}
ArrayList组成:
私有属性:
//默认的容量是10private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;private static final Object[] EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};private static final Object[] DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};//elementData存储ArrayList内的元素,/*transient关键字解释:Java的serialization提供了一种持久化对象实例的机制。当持久化对象时,可能有一个特殊的对象数据成 员,我们不想用serialization机制来保存它。为了在一个特定对象的一个域上关闭serialization,可以在这个域前加上关键字 transient*/transient Object[] elementData; // non-private to simplify nested class access//size表示它包含的元素的数量。private int size;
构造方法:
public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) {if (initialCapacity > 0) {this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];} else if (initialCapacity == 0) {this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;} else {throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+initialCapacity);}}public ArrayList() {//默认是空数组this.elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;}public ArrayList(Collection<? extends E> c) {elementData = c.toArray();if ((size = elementData.length) != 0) {// c.toArray might (incorrectly) not return Object[] (see 6260652)if (elementData.getClass() != Object[].class)elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, Object[].class);} else {// replace with empty array.this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;}}
操作元素的一些方法:
- set(int index, E element)
// 用指定的元素替代此列表中指定位置上的元素,并返回以前位于该位置上的元素。public E set(int index, E element) {//检验下他的长度合不合理RangeCheck(index);E oldValue = (E) elementData[index];elementData[index] = element;return oldValue;}
- add(E e)
// 将指定的元素添加到此列表的尾部。public boolean add(E e) {//扩容/*先调用了ensureCapacity(size+1)方法,之后将元素的索引赋给elementData[size],而后size自增*/ensureCapacity(size + 1);elementData[size++] = e;return true;}
- add(int index, E element)
// 将指定的元素插入此列表中的指定位置。// 如果当前位置有元素,则向右移动当前位于该位置的元素以及所有后续元素(将其索引加1)。public void add(int index, E element) {if (index > size || index < 0)throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index: "+index+", Size: "+size);// 如果数组长度不足,将进行扩容。ensureCapacity(size+1); // Increments modCount!!// 将 elementData中从Index位置开始、长度为size-index的元素,// 拷贝到从下标为index+1位置开始的新的elementData数组中。// 即将当前位于该位置的元素以及所有后续元素右移一个位置。System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1, size - index);elementData[index] = element;size++;}
- addAll(Collection<? extends E> c)
// 按照指定collection的迭代器所返回的元素顺序,将该collection中的所有元素添加到此列表的尾部。public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {Object[] a = c.toArray();int numNew = a.length;//扩容ensureCapacity(size + numNew); // Increments modCountSystem.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, size, numNew);size += numNew;return numNew != 0;}
- addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c)
// 从指定的位置开始,将指定collection中的所有元素插入到此列表中。public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) {if (index > size || index < 0)throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index: " + index + ", Size: " + size);Object[] a = c.toArray();int numNew = a.length;ensureCapacity(size + numNew); // Increments modCountint numMoved = size - index;if (numMoved > 0)System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + numNew, numMoved);System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, index, numNew);size += numNew;return numNew != 0;}
- romove(int index):
/*首先是检查范围,修改modCount,保留将要被移除的元素,将移除位置之后的元素向前挪动一个位置,将list末尾元素置空(null),返回 被移除的元素。*/public E remove(int index) {rangeCheck(index);modCount++;E oldValue = elementData(index);int numMoved = size - index - 1;if (numMoved > 0)System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,numMoved);elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its workreturn oldValue;}
- remove(Object o)
/*remove(Object o)中通过遍历element寻找是否存在传入对象,一旦找到就调用fastRemove移除对象。为什么找到了元素就知道了index,不通过remove(index)来移除元素呢?因为fastRemove跳过了判断边界的处理,因为找到元素就相当于确定了index不会超过边界,而且fastRemove并不返回被移除的元素*/public boolean remove(Object o) {if (o == null) {for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)if (elementData[index] == null) {//这个方法是关键fastRemove(index);return true;}} else {for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)if (o.equals(elementData[index])) {//这个方法是关键fastRemove(index);return true;}}return false;}//==============================》fastRemove(int index)private void fastRemove(int index) {modCount++;int numMoved = size - index - 1;if (numMoved > 0)System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,numMoved);elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work}
扩容机制:
图解说明:
当ArrayList如果不指定构造个数的话,第一次往里面添加元素时底层数组会初始化一个长度为10的数组,看一下ArrayList里的源码,当添加第11个元素时

再看grow()方法

再看Arrays.copyOf()方法

代码说明:
- ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity)
private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) {modCount++;// overflow-conscious codeif (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)//这里进行了真正的扩容grow(minCapacity);}
- grow(int minCapacity)
private void grow(int minCapacity) {// overflow-conscious codeint oldCapacity = elementData.length;//相当于int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity/2),但性能会好一些。int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)newCapacity = minCapacity;if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);// minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);}
- copyOf(U[] original, int newLength, Class<? extends T[]> newType)
public static <T,U> T[] copyOf(U[] original, int newLength, Class<? extends T[]> newType) {@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")T[] copy = ((Object)newType == (Object)Object[].class)? (T[]) new Object[newLength]//这是以新的长度创建一个新的数组: (T[]) Array.newInstance(newType.getComponentType(), newLength);//把源数组里的元素拷贝到新数组并返回System.arraycopy(original, 0, copy, 0,Math.min(original.length, newLength));return copy;}
